Easy Pace Learning Grammar
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bring back: return
She
brought back her library books.
bring around: persuade
We gradually
brought her
around to
our point of
view.
bring up: raise
Bringing up children is never easy.
butter up: flatter
We
buttered him
up, hoping that he would agree to
our proposal.
call in: ask to assist
I think it is time we
called in an expert.
call off: cancel
We
called off the meeting.
call up: telephone
Why don't you
call him
up?
cheer on: cheer, encourage
I will be there to
cheer you
on.
chop down: fell
They
chopped down the dead tree.
clean up: tidy
The mayor asked everyone to help
clean up the city
streets.
fend off: repel
The goalie
fended off every attack.
ferret out: find with difficulty
We managed to
ferret out the information.
figure out: solve, understand
I can't
figure out what happened.
fill in: complete
Please
fill in this form.
fill out: complete
I
filled out the form.
fill up: make full
We
filled up the glasses with water.
give back: return
I
gave back the bicycle I had borrowed.
give off: send out
Skunk cabbage
gives off an unpleasant odor.
hand down: give to someone
younger
The tradition
was handed down from father to son.
hand in: give to
person in
authority
The students
handed their assignments
in to the
teacher.
hand on: give to another person
I am not sorry to
hand the responsibility
on to you.
hand over: transfer
We had to
hand the evidence
over to the police.
hang up: break a telephone
connection
After receiving a busy signal, I
hung up the phone.
hold back: restrain, delay
He is so enthusiastic; it is hard to
hold him
back.
iron out: remove
I am sure we can
iron out every difficulty.
knock out: make unconscious
Boxers
are often
knocked out.
lap up: accept eagerly
The public
lapped up the story.
lay off: put out of work
The company
laid off seventy workers.
leave behind: leave, not bring
I accidentally
left my umbrella
behind.
leave out: omit
Tell me what happened. Don't
leave anything
out!
let down: disappoint
We will
let him
down if we don't arrive on time.
live down: live so that past faults
are forgotten
This will be hard to
live down!
look up: find (information)
We
looked up the word in a dictionary.
make up: invent
She likes to
make up stories.
pass up: not take advantage
I couldn't
pass up such an opportunity.
pension off: dismiss with a
pension
He was
pensioned off at the age of sixty.
phase in: introduce gradually
The new program will be
phased in over the next six
months.
Easy Pace Learning Grammar
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phase out: cease gradually
The practice will gradually be
phased out.
pick up: collect
You may
pick up the papers at the office.
pin down: get a commitment
When the guest speaker is
pinned down,
we can set a
date for the conference.
play down: de-emphasize
He
played down the importance of the news.
point out: draw attention to
She
pointed out the advantages of the proposal.
polish off: finish
We
polished off the rest of the apple pie.
pull down: demolish
Many old buildings are
pulled down to make way for
new ones.
pull off: succeed
Do you think she can
pull off her plan?
put away: put in proper place
It is time to
put the toys
away.
put back: return to original
location
Please
put the book
back on the shelf.
put off: postpone
We cannot
put off the meeting again.
reel off: recite a long list
She
reeled off a long list of names.
rope in: persuade to help
We
roped in everyone we could to help with the
work.
rub out: erase
Be sure to
rub out all the pencil marks.
rule out: remove from
consideration
None of the possibilities can be
ruled out yet.
scale down: reduce
Because of lack
of funds, we had to
scale down our
plans.
sell off: dispose of by selling
We
sold off all the books and furniture.
set back: delay
This could
set back the project by several years.
shout down: stop from speaking
by shouting
The crowd
shouted down the speaker.
shrug off: dismiss as unimportant
He attempted to
shrug off the mistake.
single out: select from others
You have been
singled out for special attention.
size up: assess
I quickly
sized up the situation.
sort out: organize
It will take
some time to sort out this mess.
sound out: talk with to learn the
opinion of
We attempted to
sound him
out.
stammer out: stammer
They
stammered out their apologies.
sum up: summarize
He
summed up the discussion in a few well-chosen
words.
summon up: gather
I attempted to
summon up my courage.
take in: absorb
We tried to
take in the new information.
take out: invite to a restaurant
May I
take you
out for supper?
Easy Pace Learning Grammar
Easypacelearning.com
take over: assume control
They will
take over at the beginning of June.
talk over: discuss
Let us
talk it
over before we decide.
tear up: destroy by tearing
She
tore up the letter.
think over: consider
I need some time to
think it
over.
think up: invent
What will they
think up next?
track down: search for and find
We finally
tracked him
down at the bookstore.
trade in: give as part payment
Why don't you
trade in your old vacuum cleaner for
a new one?
try on: test clothes by putting them
on
I
tried on the new suit, but it didn't fit me.
try out: test by using
Would you like to
try out my fountain pen?
turn away: refuse admission
The event was so popular that many people had to be
turned away.
turn back: reverse direction
Every fall the clocks must be
turned back by one
hour.
turn off: deactivate by using a
switch
I
turned off the radio.
turn on: activate by using a switch Please
turn on the light.
water down: dilute
The soup has been
watered down.
wear out: gradually destroy by
wearing or using
My jacket is
wearing out, although it is only a year
old.
write down: make a note
I
wrote down the instructions.
write off: cancel, regard as
They were forced to
write off several irretrievable
debts.
write up: compose in
writing
I used my notes to
write up the report.
Adjectives
Adjectives describe or give information about nouns.
The good news is that the form of adjectives does not change; it does not matter if the
noun being modified is male or female, singular or plural, subject or object.
Some adjectives give us factual information about the noun - age, size colour etc (fact
adjectives - can't be argued with). Some adjectives show what somebody thinks about
something or somebody - nice, horrid, beautiful etc (opinion adjectives - not everyone
may agree).
EXERCISE:
1. Yesterday she heard ________________ news. (to surprise)
2. The ______________ tools must be returned by five o'clock. (to rent)
Easy Pace Learning Grammar
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3. The ______________ rabbit stayed perfectly still. (to frighten)
4. We had a ________________ experience. (to frighten)
5. The play is ________________. (to entertain)
ANSWERS:
1. surprising 2. rented 3. frightened 4. frightening 5. entertaining
Preposition
A
preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence.
The word
or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.
A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to
the rest of the sentence as in the following examples:
The book is
on the table.
The book is
beneath the table.
The book is leaning
against the table.
The book is
beside the table.
She held the book
over the table.
She read the book
during class.
In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in space or in
time. A prepositional phrase is made up
of the preposition, its object and any associated
adjectives or adverbs. A prepositional phrase can function as a noun, an adjective, or an
adverb. The most common prepositions are "about," "above," "across," "after," "against,"
"along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind," "below," "beneath," "beside,"
"between," "beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down," "during," "except," "for," "from,"
"in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off," "on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over,"
"past," "since," "through," "throughout," "till," "to," "toward," "under," "underneath,"
"until," "up," "upon," "with," "within," and "without."
Each of the
highlighted words in the following sentences is a preposition:
The children climbed the mountain
without fear.
In this sentence, the preposition "without" introduces the noun "fear." The prepositional
phrase "without fear" functions as an adverb describing how the children climbed.
There was rejoicing
throughout the land when the government was defeated.
Here, the preposition "throughout" introduces the noun phrase "the land." The
prepositional phrase acts as an adverb describing the location of the rejoicing.
The spider crawled slowly
along the banister.
The preposition "along" introduces the noun phrase "the banister" and the prepositional
phrase "along the banister" acts as an adverb, describing where the spider crawled.
The dog is hiding
under the porch because it knows it will be punished
for
chewing up
a new pair of shoes.
Here the preposition "under" introduces the prepositional phrase "under the porch,"
which acts as an adverb modifying the compound verb "is hiding."
The screenwriter searched
for the manuscript he was certain was somewhere
in
his office.