G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi

O‘TGAN ZAMON NOREAL SHART GAPLAR
1. O‘tgan zamon noreal shart gaplar o‘tgan zamondagi farazni ifodalaydi 
va shuning uchun ham uni amalga oshirish mumkin emas.
O‘tgan zamondagi noreal shart gapda ish-harakat Past Perfect zamon da, 
bosh gapida should (would, could, might) fe’lidan keyin Perfekt Infi nitiv 
(Have + P.P.) keladi:
If + subject + had + P.P. + subject +
should (would)
could
might
+ have + P.P.
If I had seen him yesterday, 
I should have asked him 
about it.
Agar men uni kecha ko‘rganimda 
edi, men undan bu haqda so‘ragan 
bo‘lardim.
If we hadn’t lost our way, 
we would have arrived 
sooner.
Agar biz yo‘limizni yo‘qotmaga-
nimizda edi, biz ertaroq kelgan 
bo‘lardik.
He would not have caught cold if 
he had put on a warm coat.
Agar u issiq palto kiyganida edi, 
shamollamagan bo‘lar edi.

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He could have done it 
if he had tried.
Agar harakat qilganida (urinib 
ko‘r 
ganida) u buni qila olgan 
bo‘lar edi.
You might have found him 
there if you had called 
at six o’clock.
Agar soat oltida kelganingizda edi, 
siz uni o‘sha yerdan topishingiz 
mumkin edi.
Ba’zan could o‘rnida should (would) + be able to yoki should (would) 
+ have + been able to ishlatiladi. Lekin bu juda kam uchraydi:
I could do it if I tried.
I should be able to do it if I tried.
I could have done it if I tried.
I should (would) have been able to do it if I tried.
ARALASH NOREAL SHART GAPLAR
Ba’zan shart (shart ergash gapdagi ish-harakat) o‘tgan zamonga taalluq-
li bo‘lib, natijasi (bosh gapdagi ish-harakat) hozirgi zamonga taalluq 
li 
bo‘lishi yoki aksincha bo‘lishi mumkin. Bunday gaplar aralash shart gaplar 
deyiladi:
If you had worked harder 
last year, you would know 
English well now.
Agar o‘tgan yili qattiqroq ishlaga-
ningizda edi, hozir ingliz tilini yax-
shi bilardingiz.
Yuqoridagi gapning shart gapida ish-harakat o‘tgan zamonga taal luq li 
va Past Perfect ishlatilgan, bosh gapida esa ish-harakat hozirgi zamon ga 
taalluqli va would + V ishlatilgan.
If he knew English well, he