Anthrax
Diagnosis
Case history
Case history #1
A middle-aged man from Turkey presents with a painless eschar on his right middle finger. The
surrounding area is notably oedematous and he describes the initial lesion, starting 2 days ago, as a
mildly pruritic vesicle. His symptoms have been accompanied by regional lymphadenopathy, low-grade
fevers, and malaise. The patient is otherwise healthy, but frequently handles goat and sheep hides in
preparation for sale abroad.
Other presentations
While cutaneous disease accounts for 95% of infection caused by
Bacillus anthracis
,
cases of inhalation,
ingestion, and injection anthrax have been reported.
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
Symptoms of inhalation anthrax include fever, non-productive cough, myalgia, and malaise,
[7]
and
typically develop within one week after exposure, but may take up to 2 months. Disease progression is
rapid, often resulting in dyspnoea, stridor, and death within 24 to 72 hours.
[8]
Rarely, ingestion of endospore-contaminated meat leads to gastrointestinal infection characterised by
fever, rebound tenderness, and ascites. Toxaemia or intestinal perforation leads to death in many cases.
Oropharyngeal lesions may be observed in the oral cavity or oropharynx, and may be associated with
sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and swelling of the neck.
Symptoms of injection anthrax are similar to cutaneous anthrax; however, infection may be deep under
the skin or in the muscle where the drug was injected.
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