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Expatriate - a manager or a worker working in a foreign country (sent from home country to abroad);

Inpatriate - a manager or a worker working in a domestic country (sent from abroad to home country);

Third country nationals (TCN) - a manager or a worker from the third country (either from home or from the host country).

International business consists of business transactions between parties from more than one country. Examples of international business transactions include buying materials in one country and shipping them to another for processing or assembly, shipping finished products from one country to another for retail sale, building a plant in a foreign country to capitalize on lower costs, or borrowing money from a bank in one country to finance operations in another. The parties involved in such transactions may include private individuals, individual companies, groups of companies, and/or governmental agencies (Griffin - Pustay, 2007).
At the end of this subchapter we want to explain a distinction between two terms that describe international business enterprises: transnational corporation and Multinational Corporation. The transnational corporation (TNC) is a term that has been widely used by United Nations (UN) since the early 1980s that distinguishes „globally integrated“ organizations from those that undertake national transactions without expansive international responsibilities or interests. The UN has encouraged wider use of the term transnational corporation in a generic way to indicate a multinational enterprise with global interests.
A multinational corporation (MNC) is a company with significant direct foreign investment in at least one foreign nation other than its home country, and with actual management responsibility for activities in its foreign operations. This definition may imply an assumption that the MNC sells in foreign markets, but that is not always the case. Some multinational companies import resources from overseas operations (e.g., those in the mining, petroleum extraction, and forestry industries), and more extensive MNCs carry out manufacturing in overseas facilities, selling this output in domestic or other foreign markets.
On the other hand, the term multinational corporation (MNC) is used to identify firms that have extensive involvement in international business. A more precise definition of a multinational corporation is a firm „that engages in foreign direct investment and owns or controls value adding activities in more than one country“. In addition to owning and controlling foreign assets, MNCs typically buy resources in a variety of countries, create goods and/or services in a variety
₈ of countries, and then sell those goods and services in a variety of countries.
MNCs generally coordinate their activities from central headquarters but may also allow their affiliates or subsidiaries in foreign markets considerable latitude in adjusting their operations to local circumstances. Some writers distinguish between multinational corporations and multinational enterprises (MNEs). Moreover, non-for-profit organizations, such as the International Red Cross, are not true enterprises, so the term multinational organization (MNO) can be used when one wants to refer to both non-for-profit organizations and profit seeking organizations.
Generally speaking, a multinational company or transnational company is an enterprise that engages in foreign direct investments and owns or controls value adding activities in more than one country.This is the definition of a multinational company and one that is widely accepted in academic and business circles.

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