Bukhara state university faculty of history

2.2 Archeological monuments in Surkhandaya oasis
Teshiktash Cave is a Neanderthal site of the Mustye culture. It is located in the Zovtalanishsay gorge of Turgandarya, Boysun district, Surkhandarya region, at 1500 m above sea level. The roof of the cave has a hole, hence the name, and the entrance faces northeast. 7 m, width 20 m, uz. 21 m. Its total area is 300 square meters, of which 100 square meters. m place i has archeological material that testifies to the existence of Neanderthals. T.gʼ. Despite the fact that the cave was flooded from time to time due to its ease of living, Neanderthals did not abandon it completely. The cave was first explored by AP Okladnikov in 1938-39. T.gʼ. It consists of 5 cultural strata, indicating that the site has been abandoned several times. In each layer of the cave there are the remains of one and in some of them two. Numerous stone remains of mountain goats, deer, hyenas, bears, rabbits and various birds, as well as about 3,000 stone objects were found around the campfires.
Teshiktash Cave in Boysun mountains, Surkhandarya



Dalvarzintepa - the residence of the Kushan kings Among the monuments of the Kushan Empire (I-IV centuries AD) occupies a special place the ancient town of Dalvarzintepa, located 60 km from Termez, Shurchi district of Surkhandarya region. Started by Masson. In the northern part of the ancient city there is a temple of the Bactrian god and unique paintings. The ruins of a Buddhist temple built in the early 1st century BC have been found, making it the oldest Buddhist building in Uzbekistan. During the Kushan Empire, cities, districts, and settlements flourished here. In 1972, while exploring the ancient neighborhoods of the old town, a treasure trove of gold weighing 36 kg was found in one of the buildings believed to be a home. Due to its scientific significance, the Dalvarzin treasure is not inferior to the famous Amudarya treasure kept in the British Museum. An exhibition of items related to the famous Dalvarzin treasure collection was recently held in Tashkent. artifacts, the world's oldest chess pieces of special importance (1-2 centuries BC), precious stones, coins, small pottery of the ancient Greco-Bactrian period were found.
The ancient fortress of Ayritom is located 18 kilometers east of Termez. With the arrival of Buddhism in Central Asia in the early twentieth century, the construction of Buddhist religious monuments began here. In fact, Buddhist religious monuments were built in the ruins of the Greco-Bactrian buildings. In the second half of the 3rd century, the Arytome disintegrated and was not rebuilt.Academic M.E. In 1932, under Masson's leadership, frieze fragments depicting people were found at the bottom of the Amudarya. A year later, seven more frieze fragments and the ruins of a Buddhist temple were found. The paintings date back to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD and show musicians playing musical instruments, as well as boys and girls holding fruit bowls and wearing wreaths on their heads. The Ayritom friezes featured a farewell scene with the Buddha (Paranirvana Jataka). According to Indian legend, "the late Buddha should be observed under the pleasant melodies of the five musical instruments, and the donatris should take him on his final journey with fragrant flowers."