Bukhara state university faculty of history

2.4 Archeological monuments in Tashkent
Kolbulak site is a multi-cultural monument of the Paleolithic period. The site of Kolbulak was found near Kolbulak (1962) on the shores of the Jarsay River in Kyzylolmasoy. Archaeological excavations of the Kolbulak area were carried out by archeologist MR Kasimov in 1963-83. Although its cultural strata have been studied at depths of up to 19 m, the excavations have not reached the earthen strata. Nevertheless, Kolbulak is the site of our ancestors. During the Stone Age, it was a continuous settlement for hundreds of thousands of years, and is a unique base in determining the age of monuments not only in Central Asia, but also in the Middle East. The upper strata of the Kolbulak area are 1.5–2 m thick and belong to the Late Paleolithic period and have been studied in an area of ​​600 m². As the excavation deepened, its area shrank. Approximately 11 m from the Kolbulak area. The middle layers of the Beneath it, a 5 m thick layer of the Ashel period has been opened. According to researchers, in the Kolbulak area, the life of ancestors lasted from the last stage of the Lower Sheysto to the end of the Upper Pleistocene, that is, life in Kolbulak began 600-700 thousand years ago and lasted until 40,000 years BC. Very rich stone tools and corresponding animal bones have been found in each stratum of the Kolbulak area. Furnace remains and burnt animal bones were found in the Mustye and Upper Paleolithic strata. According to the processing techniques used for stone tools, the Kolbulak stone "industry" has its own characteristics, and paleolithologists have given it the status of a Kolbulak workshop.
OBIRAHMAT CAVE is one of the monuments of the Stone Age in Tashkent region. Located in Burchmulla village, Bostanlyk district. Obirahmat Cave was discovered in 1962 by A.Muhammadjanov and S.K.Nasriddinov. In 1962-64 AP Okladnikov, in 1964-70 under the leadership of MM Gerasimov RH Suleymanov conducted research. In 1976-86, under the direction of OI Islamov, T. Omonjolov and KA Krakhmal conducted excavations. In 1998, the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Uzbek archaeologists signed an agreement to conduct joint research in the Obirahmat Cave. A joint Russian-Uzbek expedition has been operating in the Obirahmat Cave since 1998, and a joint Uzbek-Russian-Belgian expedition since 2007. In 2003, human bones were found in the 16th cultural stratum, along with archeological material. Analysis shows that these bones are 70,000 years old. The first such Upper Paleolithic monument is currently the only one in the world. These are 6 tooth bones, 1 ear bone, and the remains of a broken skull. The bones belonged to an 8–9-year-old boy, and the remains of the teeth and skull were found to belong to the homa supins sapins and the ear bone to a Neanderthal man. The remains were studied mainly at the Innsbruck Medical Center in Austria, the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, and the Max Planck Institute in Germany. As a result, it has been scientifically concluded that the homa supins man, that is, the modern man, did not emerge in a revolutionary way, but gradually evolved from a Neanderthal man to a homa supins man. This means that Uzbekistan has proven to be one of the most populous countries in the world. Until then, science had thought that homa supins sapins suddenly appeared, and by the 20th millennium BC, Neanderthals had disappeared and homa supins had evolved. The discoveries in the Obirahmat Cave are the scientific result of an international expedition^17ix.