Bukhara state university faculty of history

Selungur Cave , Fergana
Chust culture is an ancient agricultural culture of the Fergana Valley (the last quarter of the 2nd millennium BC - the beginning of the 1st millennium BC). Farmers are divided into separate oases or groups, depending on the development of fertile lands along the water. Monuments of Chust culture are mainly found in the north-eastern districts of the Fergana Valley, there are more than 80 of them today. A monument to this culture was discovered in 1950 by Tashkent archaeologists M.E. Voronets and V.I. Sprishevsky near the present-day city of Chust. Hence the name of the culture (locals call it Buonamozor). In 1953-61, V. I. Sprishevsky conducted regular archeological excavations in the Chust culture. St. Petersburg scholar Yu.A. Zadneprovsky's contribution to the further study of Chust culture was significant. Some monuments of Chust culture (Dalvarzin, Chuyet) have been studied as defensive structures. Archaeological evidence has shown that the Andijan region was the first city and center of the Dalvarzin Valley in the Jalal-Abad district (12th-7th centuries BC).

Today, Chust culture has three types of habitats: 1) tent-like light houses; 2) basements; 3) brick houses. The owners of the Chust culture were mainly engaged in the first irrigated agriculture (barley, wheat, millet), animal husbandry, metalworking (copper), pottery, textiles; Hunting and fishing also played an important role in the economy. This is evidenced by the brass knives found in the excavations of archeological sites, bells, stone molds used in metalworking, bone comb tools used in textiles, and thousands of pottery. Among the household items, especially patterned ceramics stand out. The patterns are mostly geometrically painted on the surface of the vessel with black and brown paint. In some cases, images of animals (goats) are also found. The people of the Chust culture buried the dead in the place where they lived (inside the house and on the doorstep). There were no separate cemeteries. The dead were buried individually and in groups, side by side. Only in Dalvarzintepa are human bones and skulls buried separately and secondaryly. In addition, pets are sometimes buried with human bones. Nowadays, the peculiarities of the Chust culture and the culture of the neighboring areas in the Tashkent oasis, Jan. The relations of Uzbekistan with Kuchuktepa culture (B.Kh. Matboboyev) are being studied.