Physiological needs- These are the basic needs of air, water, food, clothing and shelter. In other words, physiological needs are the needs for basic amenities of life.
Safety needs- Safety needs include physical, environmental and emotional safety and protection. For instance- Job security, financial security, protection from animals, family security, health security, etc.
Social needs- Social needs include the need for love, affection, care, belongingness, and friendship.
Esteem needs- Esteem needs are of two types: internal esteem needs (self- respect, confidence, competence, achievement and freedom) and external esteem needs (recognition, power, status, attention and admiration).
Self-actualization need- This include the urge to become what you are capable of becoming / what you have the potential to become. It includes the need for growth and self-contentment. It also includes desire for gaining more knowledge, social- service, creativity and being aesthetic. The self- actualization needs are never fully satiable. As an individual grows psychologically, opportunities keep cropping up to continue growing.
2. Maslow’s theory maintains that needs at the bottom of the hierarchy must be satisfied before higher-level needs can be met.
3. Managers can learn from Maslow’s hierarchy that employees will be motivated to contribute to organizational goals only if they first satisfy their physiological, security, and social needs through their work.
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory:
Frederic Herzberg studied various factors relating to the job and their relation to employee motivation and concluded that job factors can be classified into two categories.
a. Hygiene factors relate to the work setting rather than the content of the work and include adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security. These factors do not necessarily motivate employees, but their absence may be a source of dissatisfaction.
