Contextual semantic functions of the nuclear sentence patterns in expending the communicative intention of the speaker and ways of their teaching

Evaluative adjuncts - Amazingly, ho won gold medal.
These are attitudinal, reflecting the subjective or objective attitude of the speaker towards the content and sometimes also towards the addressee: Surely you can make up your own mind! Broadly speaking, the Health Service is satisfactory. (objective) Unfortunately, our team didn't win. (subjective)
Two further types of stance adjunct are Style and Domain adjuncts. Style adjuncts are the speaker's comment on the way s/he is speaking (honestly, frankly, confidentially). Here ... be and There ... be with a personal pronoun as subject and the verb in the simple present are commonly used to draw attention to the presence of somebody or something: Here I am/Here it is/There she is/There you are. Speakers sometimes put position adjuncts (especially here, there, and compounds with -where) in M2 and 'more rarely in M1: We are here enjoying a different kind of existence. Place adjuncts can take the position between verb and object if the object is long:

They	moved into	the kitchen every conceivable kind of furniture
	found in

Some direction adjuncts are put initially to convey a dramatic impact. They normally co-occur with a verb in the simple present or simple past:
Away he goes. On they marched.

In (the bath)		come
Over (the fence)	you	go
Under (the bridge)		get

If the subject is not a pronoun but a noun (and therefore has greater information value), subject-verb inversion is normal when any place adjunct is initial: Away goes the servant. On the very top of the hill lives a hermit.
Here + be and there + be with the verb in the simple present are common in speech: Here are the tools. There's your brother.

O n
Under	you go
Round

Direction adjuncts are put in initial position virtually only in lit­erary English and in children's literature. A few exceptions occur in informal speech, mainly with go, come, and get in either the im­perative with the retained subject you or in the simple present: Here   go and Here he comes:

T here they	go
	come

There are some idiomatic expressions with here and there:

 you are = This is for you
Here we are = we’ve arrived at the expected place.
There you are = That supports or proves what I’ve said.
Certain direction adjuncts are commonly used as imperatives, with an implied verb of motion: Out(side)!, In(side)!, (Over) Here!, (Over) There!, (Right) Back!, Down!, Off!, Up!, Under!, Left!, Right!, Away!, Up the stairs!, Out of the house!, To bed! This applies also to some other adjuncts, eg: Quickly!, Slowly!, Carefully! Position adjuncts normally indicate where the referent of the subject and (if present) of the object are located, and usually the place is the same for both referents: I met John on a bus (John and I were on the bus). But sometimes the places can be different: I saw John on a bus (John was on the bus but I need not have been).
With verbs of placing, the reference is always to the place of the object and normally that will differ from the place of the subject: I have / keep / put / park / shelter my car in a garage. With certain verbs of saying, arranging, expecting, position adjuncts are resultative and are like predicative adjuncts of the direct object: I want my car IN THE GARAGE (‘to be in garage’). They plan a meeting AT MY HOUSE (‘that there should be a meeting at my house’). They offered a barbecue NEARBY (‘to have a barbecue nearby’). I like my dinner IN THE KITCHEN (‘to have my dinner in the kitchen’). The position adjunct may sometimes refer to the object in a conditional relationship: I only like barbecues ON THE BEACH (‘if they are held on the beach’). All prepositions which have motional meaning can also have a static resultative meaning indicating the state of having reached the destination:
I managed to get   (ie so that I was then on the other side)
So too with the verb be: The horses are over the fence (ie are now beyond). Resultative meaning is not always distinguishable out of context from other static meanings; its presence is often signalled, however, by certain adverbs: already, just, at last, (not) yet, etc. Over (dimension-type 1/2) and through (dimension-type 2/3), especially when preceded by all, have pervasive meaning (either static or motional): That child was running all over the flower borders. Chaos reigned all through the house. Throughout, substitutable for all through, is the only preposition whose primary meaning is 'pervasive'. Occasionally the 'axis' type prepositions are also used in a pervasive sense: There were crowds (all) along the route. They put flowers (all) around the statue. Let us now see how one preposition (over) may be used in most of the senses discussed:

POSITION:	A lamp hung over the door.
DESTINATION:	They threw a blanket over her.
PASSAGE:	They climbed over the wall.
ORIENTATION:	They live over (= 'on the far side of) the road.
RESULTATIVE:	At last we were over the crest of the hill.
PERVASIVE (STATIC):	Leaves lay thick (all) over the ground.
PERVASIV E (MOTION):	They splashed water (all) over me.

When a verb contains within it the meaning of a following preposition, it is often possible to omit the preposition: the verb then becomes transitive, and the prepositional complement becomes a direct object. For example, climb (up), jump (over), flee (from), pass (by): ‘He climbed (up) the hill.’
(I) in shallow water (purely literal) (II) in deep water (also metaphorical )
(III) in difficulties (the preposition is used) (IV)in a spot ('in a difficult situation’)
Examples in relation to the literal meanings are:
IN/OUT OF; AMID (rare)/AMIDST (formal)