D annan a simple guide to resarch writing indd

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Figure 1.1: Features of non-scientific analysis
 
Scientifically orientated research is based on rules of logic, established methodological 
techniques and statistical theory. Hence, it comprises a process through which new 
knowledge is discovered.
Scientific research has several important features as giving in Figure 1.2
Figure 1.2: Features of scientific research
 
 

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Some of the distinguishing characteristics of scientific research are:
• It is often theory-based because some theory is either tested or developed.
• It has minimal ego involvement because the researcher is often humble and willing to 
admit when they are wrong.
• The objective is maximised.
• Established rules for data collection are strictly followed.
• Standard rules for data analysis are applied.
• Conclusions are based on data not on preconceptions, beliefs, values or biases.
• It emphasises uncovering regularities and patterns of social and behavioural 
phenomena.
• It emphasises the study of aggregates rather than individual cases.
• It welcomes the idea of replication, i.e. for a study to be replicated by other researchers
in order to confirm their findings.
Thus, the general objective of research is to discover new facts and to contribute to the 
general body of knowledge in the field under study. Saunders et al. (2003:2-3) noted that 
research needs to address issues and to provide a process for solving the problems. It 
is important to emphasise that research does not only need to provide findings that 
advance knowledge and understanding. It needs to address issues and provide a process 
for solving problems.
A distinct focus for research:
• The way in which researchers draw on knowledge developed by other disciplines
• The fact that people are busy. Thus, they are unlikely to permit research access 
unless they can see personal or commercial advantages.
• The requirement for research is to have some practical consequence. This means 
that it either needs to contain the potential for taking some form of action or needs to 
take account of the practical consequences of the findings.
There are two distinct forms of research, namely pure research and applied research. Pure 
research is conducted with the sole objective of understanding a phenomenon and to 
contribute to the development of research theories. Applied research on the other hand 
comprises a process to find solutions to current real-life scientific problems.
Figure 1.3 below illustrates the features of both pure and applied research, and is followed 
by Figure 1.4 which lists the purpose and context for both pure and applied research.