The digitalisation of content, added to the shift towards IP-based networks, the diffusion of high-
speed broadband access, and the availability of multi-media devices, allowed an increasing convergence of
broadcasting and telecommunication sectors. The production and diffusion of audio-visual content does not
seem to be limited to traditional broadcasters anymore. Telecommunication operators are providing content
along with Internet access, newly emerging providers are offering access to content over IP, and traditional
broadcasters are crossing over to other platforms, transmitting their programmes also over IP networks (see
Furthermore, the development of next generation mobile services – using 3G and 4G networks, or
mobile broadcasting systems – enables the delivery of high quality audiovisual (AV) content to portable
devices and mobile phones. Convergence is nowadays a reality, with different types of content and
communication services delivered through the same pipes and consumed over a variety of platforms and
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Convergence over multiple access platforms has not only affected the distribution market, but also
created new forms of usage, providing consumers with greater choice and control over content.
Multimedia, interactive audiovisual services are increasingly transforming users from passive watchers of
TV programmes to active players able to decide what they want to see, when and on which device. Video
on Demand, Personal Video Recorder (PVR) services, peer to peer (P2P), or user–created video, therefore,
herald an important change in the traditional broadcast model to exchange audiovisual content among large
audiences. Media consumption, tastes and preferences may become more fragmented, the importance of
social networks as a means to participate in content creation will probably continue to grow, and there will
be an increasing demand for new types of content, able to fully capture the new capacity of the Internet for
interactivity, non-linear consumption and participation.
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