L A B E L L I N G A D I A G R A M
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Divers hunt for ruins of Pharos lighthouse A team of 30 divers is hurriedly
searching the Mediterranean
for the remains of the mighty
Pharos lighthouse, built more
than 2,200 years ago and
regarded as one of the Seven
Wonders of the ancient world.
In addition to Pharos, the
joint French and Egyptian
expedition is searching for the
remnants of Greek temples
and statues. The aim of the
£300,000 project is to map a
23,920 sq yard area off Egypt's
second largest city, founded
by Alexander the Great. Under
the water is a vast collection
of ruins, some of which the 20
French and ten Egyptian
divers hope to excavate and
salvage. The team is hoping
that among the remnants may
be the lighthouse, built in
279 BC during the reign of
Ptolemy II.
The huge white marble
building was the marvel of its
day. It was more than 400ft
high in a colonnaded court
and was equipped with a
hydraulic lift to raise fuel to
the roof. Its lantern, probably
magnified by a reflecting
Underwater archaeologists search the waters for Egyptian relics, Christopher Walker writes device, could be seen over a
radius of 34 miles. Within its
square base were up to 300
rooms designed to house
mechanics and operators;
above were an octagonal
storey and a circular storey,
topped by a lantern with a
beacon, the exact workings of
which are still a mystery.
Although the lantern
collapsed as early as the
eighth century, the lighthouse
served for 1,400 years as the
symbol of Alexandria and a
beacon for ships, until
devastating earthquakes in
1100 and 1307 brought it
tumbling down, presumably
sending much of the debris
into the sea surrounding
Pharos island on which it was
built.
The divers have made
some fascinating discoveries,
including at least three layers
of blocks, some estimated to
be as heavy as 70 tonnes,
which may have been part of
the lighthouse. "It is certainly
possible that some of the
pieces come from the
lighthouse itself," said Jean-
Pierre Cortegiani, a member
of the expedition. "In fact, it
would be amazing if nothing
came from the lighthouse,
seeing as this is where it
toppled into the sea." Also
discovered were hundreds of
smaller blocks, thought to be
pieces of temples and statues
dating back to the Ptolemaic
period. Among them were
pieces of ancient columns,
many inscribed, and huge
granite and marble statues of
sphinxes and Egyptian Gods,
some of which stood 15ft
high.
"We are making an
identification of the blocks,
studying the inscriptions and
choosing some to be taken
out," Cortegiani said. "We
cannot take all the blocks out,
but maybe we can have
something like an underwater
archaeological park."
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