Reading UNIT 7
novelist does retain absolute
control over his text until it is
published and received by the
audience. He may be advised by
his editor to revise his text, but if
the writer refused to meet this
condition no one would be
surprised. It is not unknown for a
well established novelist to deliver
his or her manuscript and expect
the publisher to print it exactly as
written. However, not even the
most well established playwright
or screenplay writer would submit
a script and expect it to be
performed without any rewriting.
This is because plays and motion
pictures are collaborative forms of
narrative, using more than one
channel of communication.
The production of a stage play
involves, as well as the words of
the author, the physical presence
of the actors, their voices and
gestures as orchestrated by the
director, spectacle in the form of
lighting and "the set", and possibly
music. In film, the element of
spectacle is more prominent in the
sequence of visual images,
heightened by various devices of
perspective and focus. In film too,
music tenets to be more pervasive
and potent than in straight drama.
So, although the script is the
essential basis of both stage play
and film, it is a basis for
subsequent revision negotiated
between the writer and the other
creative people involved; in the
case of the screenplay, the writer
may have little or no control over
the final form of his work.
Contracts for the production of
plays protect the rights of authors
in this respect. They are given
"approval" of the choice of
director and actors and have the
right to attend rehearsals. Often a
good deal of rewriting takes place
in the rehearsal period and
sometimes there is an opportunity
for more rewriting during
previews before the official
opening night.
In film or television work, on
the other hand, the screenplay
writer usually has no contractual
right
to
this degree of
consultation. Practice in t h i s
respect varies very much from one
production company to another,
and according to the nature of the
project and the individuals
involved. In short, while the script
is going through its various drafts,
the writer is in the driver's seat,
albeit receiving advice and
criticism from the producer and
the director. But once the
production is under way, artistic
control over the project tends to
pass to the director. This is a fact
overlooked by most journalistic
critics of television drama, who
tend (unlike film critics) to give
all the credit or blame for success
or failure of a production to the
writer and actors, ignoring the
contribution, for good or ill,
of the director.
2 What type of article is this?
A a review
В a case study
С a narrative
D a discussion
Y E S , NO, NOT GIVEN
A task that is often used to test your understanding of the writer's message is one
that provides a list of possible views or claims and asks you if they agree with
what the writer says or not.
Dostları ilə paylaş: