particularly useful in obtaining factual information. Collecting facts about the
methods and the tools the Greek users implement to counter fake news was crucial
for this study, and there was a need for consistency in the users’ responses in order to
obtain a better image about their overall online behaviors.
However, the use of a questionnaire to acquire primary data for this study came with
limitations on flexibility. To be more specific, the disadvantages of the
questionnaires were taken into account when the plan of this research was designed.
For instance, questionnaires do not allow asking follow-up questions or further
probing based on the given answer (Bourke et al. 2016). This limitation was taken
into account and the ‘other’ option was added to the questionnaire to provide the
participants with the chance to express themselves freely. Their responses were
analyzed but there was no other option for any further follow-up question for
clarifications. Similarly, questionnaires do not encourage respondents to contribute
anything extra than what is asked for. In addition, Collins (2010, p. 130) already
emphasizes this fact by saying that closed questions should always include an ‘other’
category because not all possible responses might have been included in the list of
answers. This notion was taken into consideration when the questionnaire of this
study was constructed and therefore the ‘other’ option was added to the questions.
Another disadvantage of using questionnaires is the fact that respondents may have
some crucial information, relevant to the research, but overlooked by the question
setter (Bourke et al. 2016). Thus, the ninth question was constructed in order to allow
users to express their thoughts freely or describe their overall concerns about the
research or the case study.
5.2. Ethical Consideration A set of ethical issues regarding the use of an online survey for the purpose of this
study have been taken into account. As Collins (2010) analyzed, a number of ethical
issues are likely to arise in both textual and visual research, and the researcher should
take them into consideration when conducting a well-constructed research. In this
case, the arising ethical issues were due to the fact that an online research with the
use of questionnaires was employed for this study. To be more specific, based on the
26
fact that the survey was conducted online in a closed Facebook group with the