identify a fake story, as well as the way they interact with it, can be used to obtain
useful information about how users could potentially behave online to counter fake
news on social media. This research aims at examining how the Greek users manage
to identify fake news distributed online and what kind of acts of authentication do
they follow in order to verify facts and data. The members of the
Ellinika Hoaxes
Facebook group were chosen as the research focus of this study. This specific
Facebook group was chosen based on the fact that its members are users organized
within the group in order to fight the spread of misleading information on social
media. Moreover, the
Ellinika Hoaxes and its members manage to spot fake news
distributed on social media in Greece, on a daily basis, and they also contribute by
providing their findings as a primarily source to prominent media outlets. For
instance, there are cases where the members of the
Ellinika Hoaxes identified a fake
news story and then their findings were used by Greek newspapers as a source.
Consequently, the mechanisms and tools these Greek users implement to counter
fake stories are in need of examination, particularly as they provide insights about
the way citizens interact with fake news about current political and social issues and
the role they play in countering its spread.
This research gathers quantitative data on what actions could be taken on the social
media environment to give effective tools to more users to identify reliable and
verified information about current social and political
affairs and adapt to the
challenges of the digital age. By examining the way Greek users interact with fake
news and what methods they follow in order to counter its spread, this research
collects useful insights which could be used as a guideline for the construction of a
general strategy against fake news on social media. For this reason, the main
Research Question (RQ) of this study needs to be answered:
How the members of the
Ellinika Hoaxes Facebook group detect and curb fake news on social media?. This
RQ is supported by two sub-Research Questions, which were constructed in order to
make the research even more focused and straightforward. To be more specific, the
first one is
‘What specific actions of authentication do the members of the Ellinika
Hoaxes Facebook group take in order to identify fake news on social media?’ and
the second one is
‘How the members of the Ellinika Hoaxes Facebook group interact
with fake news after they have detected it on social media?’. Basically, the second
and the third RQs operate as a bridge to gather quantitative data to answer the first
5
main RQ of this study. To be more specific, the first aim was to collect responses
about users’ tools and mechanisms during the acts of authentication. These
mechanisms could be detected by investigating the way these Greek users spot a fake
story. In order to fully understand the way these Greek users curb the spread of fake
news on social media, responses regarding the actions they take after spotting a fake
story were also collected. Then, combining these responses (about
tools and
mechanisms on curbing fake news and actions against its spread) data about the
overall strategy followed by the members of the
Ellinika Hoaxes Facebook group
was extracted.
Briefly describing the structure of this study, first, the theoretical framework of this
study is presented. The Uses and Gratifications Theory is used as the overall
framework in order to construct the context
within the members of the Ellinika
Hoaxes Facebook group and their acts of verification are studied. Then, a literature
review, where the term of fake news is presented in detail, is used to provide a
broader image about this debatable issue. The role social media plays in the spread of
fake news is also studied. The theoretical framework and the literature review are
followed by the empirical study of this research, where the data acquired by the
members of the
Ellinika Hoaxes Facebook group is presented in detail. After
presenting the data about the acts of verification and the users’ interaction with fake
news, there is a discussion about the findings of this study and potential further
researches, based on them.
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