such as
tanea.gr and
enet.gr, made use of sentimental propagandistic methods and
they generated misleading and fake news (2014, p. 137). These studies indicate that
Greek media have always generated and distributed fake news. This fake news’
purpose was to attract audience interests either for promoting a specific political
agenda or to earn money (or both). An interesting subject to be studied is how this
distribution of fake news has changed over the information age and the spread of the
use of social media.
In order to study the distribution of fake news on social media in Greece, it is crucial
to examine a few examples of well-known fake stories, which were generated and
distributed on social media. Since the case study of this research is the
Ellinika
Hoaxes Facebook group, the examples presented below originated in this group. In
fact, in 2017 the members of this group managed to spot and counter the spread of
migrant-related fake news. It all started with a Greek Facebook user who generated a
fake story, which became viral within a few hours. The user posted a photograph of
wasted food and a description saying that migrants wasted food distributed to them
by authorities. The post became viral and even prominent Greek media used it as a
source for reports – it then turned out to be fake. The members of the
Ellinika
Hoaxes Facebook group started their own research and came to the conclusion that
the story was fake, and the post was inaccurate. Another significant example of fake
news which was identified by the members of the
Ellinika Hoaxes Facebook group
was about a story of a falsely alleged rapist.
To be more specific, a Greek
organization about animals posted a photograph of a man on Facebook and claimed
that he was the rapist of a young girl. The organization even posted the man's name
and surname and other personal details. The post became viral on Facebook and the
members of the
Ellinika Hoaxes spotted it. After conducting their own research, they
managed to present facts which indicated that the post was fake. The man was not a
rapist, there was no incidence of rape of a young girl in the area mentioned in the
post and the Greek authorities confirmed that the story was fake.
Fake news distributed on social media in Greece is not generated only by users, but
by media outlets as well. In fact, there are websites in Greece which have a bad
reputation and they have produced a lot of fake news in the past. One example is the
Greek website
enimerosi-247, which, last summer, posted a story about an upcoming
10
disastrous and deadly earthquake in Greece. The website presented misleading facts
about a forthcoming enormous earthquake. It turned out that the prediction was made
up and the scientist which was used as a source was nonexistent. The members of the
Ellinika Hoaxes spotted this fake news, which became viral on social media in
Greece and was also distributed by other media outlets. However, there are also
Greek media outlets with no clear record which, nevertheless, have either produced
or distributed fake stories. An interesting example is a local newspaper from Kavala,
a small town in Greece, which generated a migrant-related fake news that became
viral and even discussed in the Hellenic Parliament. The story was about migrants
who were presented as demanding the closure of a local Orthodox church. The story
became viral on social media within a few hours
and was then distributed by
prominent Greek media outlets as well. With their research, the members of the
Ellinika Hoaxes Facebook group managed to present facts which clarified that the
story was fake. The examples presented above indicate that there are a lot of fake
news on social media in Greece and that the
Ellinika Hoaxes Facebook group plays a
significant role in the process of identifying and curbing them. Therefore, it is clear
that as a case study the
Ellinika Hoaxes Facebook
group could provide useful
insights in order to answer the RQs of this study and better understand the way Greek
users act in order to stop the distribution of fake news on social media.
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