G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi
by without looking at me. U menga qaramasdan o‘tib ket- di (mashinasini haydab, yugurib o‘tib ketdi.) 7. By
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by without looking at me.
U menga qaramasdan o‘tib ket- di (mashinasini haydab, yugurib o‘tib ketdi.) 7. By ishlatilgan fe’l birikmalari: to devide (multiply by -ga bo‘lmoq (ko‘ paytirmoq) Devide (multiply) this number by six. Bu sonni oltiga bo‘ling (ko‘paytiring). to increase (decrease, rise, exceed) by -ga ko‘tarmoq (kamaytirmoq, oshirmoq) In September the output of our plant increased by 15 per cent, as com- pared with the preceding month. Sentabrda zavodimiz da mahsulot ishlab chiqa rish oldingi oyda giga qara- ganda 15 foizga oshdi. to judge by -ga qarab hukm qilmoq, xulosa chiqarmoq Never judge by appear- ances. Hech qachon odamning tashqi ko‘rini shiga qa- rab hukm qilmang. to mean by bilan … de- moqchi bo‘lmoq What do you mean by that? Bu bilan nima demoq- chisiz? to take (seize, hold, pull) by -dan ush lamoq, tutmoq (changallamoq, tortmoq) He took her by the arm. U uning qo‘lidan ushladi (tutdi). to get by tirikchilik qil- ishga muvaffaq bo‘lmoq, kun o‘t kazmoq Despite the high cost of living, we will get by on my salary. Narxlar qimmat bo‘li- shiga qaramasdan biz mening maoshim bilan tirikchilikni o‘t kazishga muvaffaq bo‘ lamiz. www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 212
by accident to‘satdan, tasodifan by chance tasodifan by day (night) kunduzi (tunda) by the day (the week) kunlik (hafta- lik) by heart yoddan by land (sea, air) quruqlikdan (den- gizdan, havodan) by (electric) light (elektr) yorug‘ida by all means nima qilib bo‘lsa ham by cheque chek bilan by credit cards kredit kartochkasi bilan by rail temir yo‘l orqali by road yo‘l orqali by underground metro orqali by no means aslo, hech, zinhor 6 metres by 8 metres oltiga sakkiz metr by mistake bilmasdan, yanglishib by retail (wholesale) chakana (ko‘tara) step by step qadam-baqadam by train (tram, bus, ship) poyezd (tramvay, avtobus, kema) bilan by the way (by the by) darvoqe, aytmoqchi, aytganday by means of vositasida, yordamida by the weight (the litre, the kilo- gram) taroziga tortib (litrlab, ki- lolab) by then o‘shanda, o‘shangacha I’ll graduate from the university in two years. By then I hope to have found a job. Men universitetni ikki yil dan keyin tugataman. O‘shangacha ish topa- man deb umid qilaman. By way of (via) or- qali We are driving to Atlanta by way of Baton Rouge. Biz Atlantaga Baton Ruj orqali borayapmiz. DOWN 1. pastga (harakat fe’llari bilan pastga yo‘nalishni bildiradi): He went down the stairs. U zinadan pastga tushdi. The steamer sailed down the river. Paroxod daryodan pastga suzib ketdi. He ran down the hill. U qirdan chopib tushdi. 2. pastga, pastda (ravish bo‘lib keladi): He looked down and saw him. U pastga qaradi va uni ko‘rdi. He will be down in a few minutes. U bir necha daqiqadan keyin pastda bo‘ladi. www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 213
(go, get, walk) down pastga tushmoq, to run down yugurib tush moq, to jump down sakrab tushmoq, to throw down pastga otmoq. The boy jumped down off the wall. Bola devordan sakrab tushdi. Let’s go down to the river. Keling daryoga tushamiz. 4. birikmalar: to lie down yotmoq He lay down under a tree. U daraxt ostida yot di. to sit down o‘tirmoq Sit down, please. O‘tiring, marhamat. to write down yozib qo‘ymoq Write down my ad- dress. Mening manzilimni yozib qo‘ying. 5. iboralar: up and down u yoqdan bu yoqqa to bring down the price narxni tu- shirmoq upside down ostin-ustun, ag‘- dar-to‘ntar, ayqash- uyqash down to -gacha DURING mobaynida, davomida, paytida, -da (davom etgan vaqtni ifoda laydi): During the last three months he has made great progress in Ger- man. Oxirgi uch oy davomida u ne- mis tilidan katta yutuqqa erish- di. During my stay in London I visited many museums. Londonda bo‘lganimda men ko‘p muzeylarga bordim. During the vacation we visited many relatives across the country. Ta’til (davomi)da biz qish- loqdagi ko‘p qarindoshlari- miznikiga bordik. During the summer we do not have to study. Yozda (Yoz davomida) biz o‘qi sh ga borishga majbur emasmiz. www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 214
-dan tashqari: Everybody is ready except you. Sizdan tashqari hamma tayyor. Tom goes there every day except Sunday. Tom u yerga yakshanbadan tash- qari har kun boradi. Except bilan besidesni taqqoslash: O‘zbek tilidagi -dan tashqari iborasiga ingliz tilida except va besides predloglari to‘g‘ri keladi. Except ishlatganimizda shu predlogdan keyin kelayotgan shaxs yoki buyumdan tashqari shu vaziyatda hech narsa mavjud emasligini tushu- namiz, besides ishlatganimizda esa shu predlogdan keyin kelayot- gan shaxs yoki buyumdan tashqari shu vaziyatda yana boshqa shaxs yoki bu yumlar mavjudligini va besidesdan keyin kelayotgan shaxs yoki buyum lar o‘sha bor bo‘lgan shaxs yoki buyumlarga qo‘shimcha bo‘layot ganini tushunamiz: U nemis tilidan tashqari birorta ham chet tilini bilmaydi. He does not know any foreign lan- guages except German. U nemis tilidan tashqari ikkita chet tilini biladi. He knows two foreign languages besides German. FOR 1. uchun, -ga: This letter is for you. Bu xat sizga (siz uchun). It is a great pleasure (disappoint- ment) for me. Bu men uchun katta huzur (ko‘n- gilsizlik)dir. He will do all he can for you. U siz uchun qo‘lidan kelgan hamma ishni qiladi. A thermometer is used for measur- ing temperature. Termometr haroratni o‘lchash uchun ishlatiladi. 2. uchun, -ga (narx, to‘lov): I bought this book for fi ve dollars. Men bu kitobni besh dollarga sotib oldim. They have not paid for the goods yet. Ular hali mollar uchun haq to‘la- ganlari yo‘q. 3. uchun, tarafdor (ish harakat kim uchun sodir etilayotgan bo‘lsa, o‘sha shaxs yoki buyum oldida ishlatiladi, antonimi against): www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 215
Men sizning taklifi ngiz tarafdo- riman. Many people heroically fought for their country. Ko‘p odamlar mamlakatlari uchun qahramonona kurashdilar. 4. uchun (sababni ifodalaydi): He was rewarded for his bravery. U jasurligi uchun mukofotlandi. He was fi ned for crossing the street against the red light. Qizil chiroqda ko‘chani kesib o‘tgani uchun unga jarima solindi. 5. uchun, -ga (maqsadni ifodalaydi): I sent him for the doctor. Men uni vrachga yubordim. I’ll call for you. Men sizni olib ketgani kelaman. 6. davomida (ish-harakatning qancha davom etishini ifodalaydi). O‘z bek tilida tushib qolishi mumkin: I shall stay here (for) two hours. Men bu yerda ikki soat (davomi- da) qolaman. He worked at the factory (for) three years. U zavodda uch yil (davomida) ish- ladi. 7. -ga (ish-harakatning davom etish muddatini yoki belgilangan vaq tini ifodalaydi): He went to the Caucasus Yüklə 0,99 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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