G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi

am
is 
are + to + V
was
were
Bu yerda: V = fe’lning asosiy shakli.
To bening hozirgi zamondagi shakllari am, is, are kerak deb tarjima
qilinadi va hozirgi yoki kelasi zamondagi zaruratni ifodalaydi:
They are to begin this work at
once.
Ular bu ishni darhol boshlashlari
kerak.
He is to come here tomorrow.
U bu yerga ertaga kelishi kerak.
www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi

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9
To bening o‘tgan zamondagi shakllari was, were Simple Infi nitive bilan

kelganda kerak edi deb tarjima qilinadi va ish-harakatni o‘tgan zamonda
bajarish zaruratini ifodalaydi. Bu birikma shu ish-harakatning bajarilgan-
bajarilmaganligiga aniqlik kiritmaydi va bu butun gapdan ma’lum bo‘lishi
mumkin:
I was to send him a telegram,
but I forgot.
Men unga telegramma yubo ri shim
kerak edi, lekin unutibman.
The goods were to be delivered
at the end of the month.
Mollar oyning oxirida yetkazib be-
rilishi kerak edi.
Was, were Perfect Infi nitive bilan kelganda o‘tgan zamonda bajarili shi
kerak bo‘lgan, lekin bajarilmagan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi:
Was 
+ to + have + P.P.

Were
Bu yerda:
P. P. = Past Particiciple = O‘tgan
zamon sifatdoshi.
I was to have fi nished my
work yesterday.
Men ishimni kecha tugatishim kerak
edi.
Kelasi zamonda to be zaruratni ifodalash uchun ishlatilmaydi.
Izoh: To bedan keyin majhul nisbatning infi nitivi kelib, zaruratdan tashqari ehtimol likni 
ham ifodalashi mumkin.
Such books are to be found in all
libraries.
Bunday kitoblar barcha kutubxonalardan
topilishi mumkin.
Many new beautiful buildings are to be