G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi

Whose ba’zan jonsiz buyumlarga nisbatan of which o‘rnida ishlatilishi 
mumkin:
We saw a mountain whose top (=the 
top of which) was covered with 
snow. 
Biz tepasi qor bilan qoplangan 
tog‘ni ko‘rdik.
8. That olmoshi jonli va jonsizlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi.
That ko‘pincha ajratuvchi va tasnifl ovchi aniqlovchi ergash gaplar dagi 
which va whom olmoshlarini almashtirib keladi:

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169
The article that (which) I translated 
yesterday was very easy. 
Men kecha tarjima qilgan maqo-
la juda oson edi.
These are the words that (which) 
you mispronounce. 
Bular siz noto‘g‘ri talaffuz qila-
digan so‘zlardir.
Vessels that (which) are built for 
the transportation of oil products are 
called tankers. 
Neft mahsulotlarini tashish 
uchun quriladigan kemalar 
tankerlar deb ataladi.
The doctor that (whom) I visited 
yesterday is a specialist in diseases 
of the heart. 
Kecha men borgan shifokor 
yurak kasalliklari bo‘yicha mu-
taxassisdir.
Izoh: Ega bo‘lib keluvchi who olmoshi kamdan-kam hollarda that olmoshi bilan 
almashtiriladi:
The man who (that) has written this article 
is my friend. 
Bu maqolani yozgan kishi mening 
do‘stim.
9. Orttirma darajadagi sifatlar, tartib sonlar va all, any, only so‘zlari bilan 
aniqlangan otlardan keyin faqat that olmoshi ishlatiladi (which ham emas, 
whom ham emas):
This is the best dictionary that 
I have ever seen.
Bu men ko‘rgan eng yaxshi 
lug‘at.
This is the fi rst composition that he 
has written in English. 
Bu uning ingliz tilida yozgan 
birinchi inshosi.
Come at any time that is conve nient 
to you. 
O‘zingiz uchun qulay bo‘lgan 
istagan paytda keling. 
I’ve read all the books that you 
gave me. 
Men siz bergan barcha kitob-
larni o‘qib chiqdim.
10. Tasvirlovchi aniqlovchi gaplar bilan that olmoshi ishlatilmaydi:
His article on this subject, which 
was published in 1998, was a great 
success. 
Uning bu sohadagi 1998-yilda 
bosilgan maqolasi katta muvaffa-
qiyatga erishgan.
My brother, whom I have not seen 
for a year, has just returned to 
London. 
Men bir yildan buyon ko‘rmagan
akam, hozirgina Londonga qaytib 
keldi.
11. Whom va which predloglar bilan kelib predlogli to‘ldiruvchi 
bo‘ladi. Predlog whom va which fe‘ldan oldin ham, fe’ldan keyin ham, agar 
to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lsa, to‘ldiruvchidan keyin ham kelishi mumkin:
The man about whom we were 
talking yesterday (=whom we were 
talking about yesterday) will come 
at fi ve o’clock.
Biz kecha gapirgan odam soat 
besh da keladi.

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170
12. That ishlatilganda predlog har doim fe’ldan keyin qo‘yiladi:
The man that we were talking about yesterday will come at fi ve 
o’clock.
This is not the letter that they refer to.
Izoh: Ega bo‘lib kelgan nisbiy olmoshdan keyin kelgan fe’l o‘sha olmosh bosh gap dagi 
qaysi so‘zga taalluqli bo‘lsa o‘sha so‘z bilan shaxs va sonda moslashadi: