238
4.
to ko‘pgina sifatlardan keyin ishlatiladi:
acceptable — ma’qul, qabul qilarli
liable — lozim, kerak
attentive — e’tiborli, sinchkov
necessary — zarur, kerakli
clear — aniq, ravshan
opposite — qarama- qarshi
devoted — sodiq, fi doyi
polite — odobli, xushmuomala
equal — teng, barobar
similar — o‘xshash, bir xil
familiar — tanish
strange — begona,
notanish
grateful — minnatdor
superior — eng oliy (sifatga oid)
important — muhim
inferior — eng past
kind — mehribon, rahmdil
unpleasant — yoqimsiz, noxush
known — mashhur, taniqli
useful — foydali
unknown — noma’lum
useless — befoyda
It is not
clear to me why he behaved
like that.
U o‘zini nega bunday tutganligi
menga tushunarsiz (qorong‘u).
This machine is
similar to model
12A in our catalogue.
Bu mashina bizning katalogimiz-
dagi 12A modelga o‘xshash.
It will be very
useful to me.
Bu men uchun juda foydali bo‘ ladi.
Your proposal is
acceptable to us.
Sizning taklifi ngiz bizga ma’qul.
Izoh: useful, important, strange, necessary kabi bir qator sifatlardan keyin
toning
o‘r-
niga
for ishlatilishi ham mumkin. Bunda gapdagi predlog bilan
kelgan ot yoki olmosh undan
keyin kelgan infi nitivning ish-harakatini bajaradi.
It is necessary
for you to start at once. Siz darhol jo‘nashingiz zarur.
It will be very useful
for me to read this book. Men uchun bu kitobni o‘qish juda foy dali
bo‘ladi.
5.
To bilan iboralar:
to the amount (of) summada, hajm-
da
to the end — oxirigacha
to the north, south, west, east
(of) — (-dan) shimolga, janubga,
g‘arbga, sharqqa
to my (his) disappointment (sor-
row, joy) mening (uning) umidsiz-
ligimga (g‘amimga, xursandchi-
ligimga)
to the right (left) — o‘ngga (chapga)
in reply (answer) to — ga javoban
TO VA INTO PREDLOGLARINI TAQQOSLASH
To ham,
into ham
-ga ma’nosida harakatning yo‘nalishini bildiradi.
To predlogi harakatning biror shaxsga yoki narsaga yo‘nalganini bil-
dirsa,
into harakatning biror narsaning ichki qismiga yo‘nalganini bil-
diradi:
239
He went
to the shop.
U do‘konga ketdi.
He went
into the shop.
U do‘konning ichiga kirdi.
TOWARDS PREDLOGI
1.
-ga tomon, -ga qarab ma’nosida:
He
was walking towards the sea.
U dengizga tomon borayotgan edi.
The ship sailed
towards the south.
Kema janub tomonga suzib ketdi.
This was the fi rst step
towards
re conciliation.
Bu yarashishga tomon birinchi qa-
dam edi.
2. -ga, -ga nisbatan ma’nosida:
His attitude
towards this
matter is favourable.
Uning bu masalaga munosabati
yaxshi.
He is friendly
towards me.
U menga nisbatan do‘stona mu-
nosabatda.
3.
-ga yaqin, -gacha ma’nolarida vaqtni ifodalaydi va biror vaqtdan oldin,
biror vaqtga yaqinni bildiradi:
The rain stopped
towards
mor ning.
Yomg‘ir ertalabga yaqin to‘xtadi.
We expect to receive the goods
towards the end of May.
Biz may oyining oxirigacha mol (to-
var) larni olishga umid qilamiz.
UNDER PREDLOGI
1.
tagida, ostida ma’nosida joyni bildiradi (
overning antonimi):
He was lying
under a tree.
U daraxt tagida yotar edi.
He put the basket
under the table.
U savatni stol ostiga qo‘ydi.
2.
ostida (ko‘chma ma’noda) quyidagi birikmalarda ishlatiladi:
Under the guidance (control,
ma nagement, command)
rahbarligi (nazorati,boshqaruvi, qo‘-
mondonligi) ostida
under the title (heading) sarlavha
ostida
under the name
nomi ostida,
nomi bilan
under fi re
o‘t (olov) ostida, ichida, o‘q ostida
under the infl uence ta’siri
ostida
3.
-dan kamroq, -ga yaqin ma’nosida kamaytirilgan miqdorni bildiradi
(
above ga teskari ma’noda):
There were
under fi fty people there.
U yerda ellikka yaqin odam bor edi.
He is
under fourty.
U qirq yoshlarga borgan edi. U
qirqdan past.
240
4.
under bilan iboralar:
to be under consideration ko‘rib
chiqilmoq
under the contract (agreement)
shartnomaga ko‘ra, binoan
under the circumstances ushbu
vaziyatda
to be under discussion muhokama
qilinmoq
to be under construction qurilmoq
to be under repair ta’mirlanmoq
UP PREDLOGI
1.
yuqoriga, -dan, bo‘ylab yuqoriga (antonimi
down, harakat fe’lla ri
bilan pastdan yuqoriga harakatni bildiradi):
He walked
up the stairs.
U zinadan ko‘tarildi.
The steamer sailed
up
the
river.
Paroxod daryo bo‘ylab yuqoriga
(oqimga qarshi) suzib ketdi.
2.
yuqorida, yuqoriga ma’nosida ravish bo‘lib keladi:
He looked
up
and
saw
them.
U yuqoriga qaradi va ularni
ko‘rdi.
The barometr is going
up. Barometr
ko‘tarilayapti.
3.
oldiga (harakat fe’llari bilan biror shaxs yoki buyumning oldiga
yaqinlashishni bildiradi):
He came
up and asked
me the time.
U mening oldimga keldi va vaqtni
so‘radi.
He went straight
up to
the mana ger.
U to‘ppa-to‘g‘ri menejerning ol diga
bordi.
The motor car drove
up
to the gate.
Avtomobil darvoza oldiga keldi.
4.
to eat, to drink, to fi ll, to use, to sell, to buy, to grow va boshqa fe’llar
bilan birikib kelib, shu ish-harakatni oxirigacha amalga oshiril
ganligini
bildiradi:
He drank
up all the milk.
U sutning hammasini ichib qo‘ydi.
All our ink is used
up.
Hamma siyoh ishlatilib bo‘lindi.
5.
up bilan keladigan fe’lli birikmalar:
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