Ielts reading question-type based tests true false not given matching headings

A, B, C 
or 
D
. 
Q1. In Europe, a research hints that young audiences spend more money on 
A. 
thumbing text messages. 
B. 
writing e-mails. 
C. 
watching TV programmes
. 
D. 
talking through mobile phones. 
Q2. What would happen when reality TV shows invite the audience to vote? 
A. 
Viewers would get attractive bonus. 
B. 
They would be part of the competition. 
C. 
Their questions would be replied. 
D. 
Their participation could change the result.
Q3. Interactive TV will change from concentrating on set-top devices to
 
A. 
increasing their share in the market.
 
B. 
setting up a modified set-top box.
 
C. 
building an embedded message platform.
 
D. 
marching into the European market.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Welcome to Mr Aslanov’s Lessons 
QUESTION-TYPE BASED TESTS 
FunEnglishwithme [phone] 
TEST 10 – Designed to Last: Could better Design Cure Our 
Throwaway Culture? 
 
Jonathan Chapman, a senior lecturer at the University of Brighton, UK, is one of a new breed of 
'sustainable designers'. Like many of us, they are concerned about the huge waste associated with Western 
consumer culture and the damage this does to the environment. Some, like Chapman, aim to create objects 
we will want to keep rather than discard. Others are working to create more efficient or durable consumer 
goods, or goods designed with recycling in mind. The waste entailed in our fleeting relationships with 
consumer durables is colossal. 
Domestic power tools, such as electric drills, are a typical example of such waste. However much 
DIY the purchaser plans to do, the truth is that these things are thrown away having been used, on average, 
for just ten minutes. Most will serve 'conscience time', gathering dust on a shelf in the garage; people are 
reluctant to admit that they have wasted their money. However, the end is inevitable: thousands of years in 
land-fill waste sites. In its design, manufacture, packaging, transportation and disposal, a power tool 
consumes many times its own weight of resources, all for a shorter active lifespan than that of the average 
small insect. 
To understand why we have become so wasteful, we should look to the underlying motivation of 
consumers. "People own things to give expression to who they are, and to show what group of people they 
feel they belong to," Chapman says. In a world of mass production, however, that symbolism has lost much 
of its potency. For most of human history, people had an intimate relationship with objects they used or 
treasured. Often they made the objects themselves, or family members passed them on. For more specialised 
objects, people relied on expert manufacturers living close by, whom they probably knew personally. 
Chapman points out that all these factors gave objects a history — a narrative — and an emotional 
connection that today's mass-produced goods cannot possibly match. Without these personal connections, 
consumerist culture idolizes novelty instead. People know that they cannot buy happiness, but the chance to 
remake themselves with glossy, box-fresh products seems irresistible. When the novelty fades, they simply 
renew the excitement by buying more. 
Chapman's solution is what he calls 'emotionally durable design'. He says the challenge for designers 
is to create things we want to keep. This may sound like a tall order but it can be surprisingly 
straightforward. A favorite pair of old jeans, for example, just do not have the right feel until they have been 
worn and washed a hundred times. It is as if they are sharing the wearer's life story. The look can be faked, 
but it is simply not the same. Walter Stahel, visiting professor at the University of Surrey, UK, calls this 'the 
teddy bear factor'. No matter how ragged and worn a favorite teddy becomes, we don't rush out and buy 
another one. As adults, our teddy bear connects us to our childhood and this protects it from obsolescence. 
Stahel argues that this is what sustainable design needs to do with more products. The information age was 
supposed to lighten our economies and reduce our impact on the environment, but, in fact, the reverse seems 
to be happening. We have simply added information technology to the industrial era and speeded up the 
developed world's metabolism. The cure is hardly rocket science: minimise waste, stop moving things 
around so much and use people more. So what will post-throwaway consumerism look like? It might be as 
simple as installing energy-saving light bulbs, more efficient washing machines or choosing locally 
produced groceries with less packaging. In general, we will spend less on goods and more on services. 
Instead of buying a second car, for example, we might buy into a car-sharing network. Rather than following 
our current wasteful practices, we will buy less and rent a lot more; why own things such as tools that you 
use infrequently, especially things are likely to be updated all the time? 
Consumer durables will increasingly be sold with plans for their disposal. Electronic goods such as 
mobile phones will be designed to be recyclable, with the extra cost added into the retail price. Following 
Chapman's notion of emotionally durable design, there will be a move away from mass production and 
towards tailor-made articles and products designed and manufactured with greater craftsmanship, products 

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