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Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and the Philippines are the major
commercial producers.
4
Bananas do not grow on a tree, as most people imagine, but on a sturdy plant
that can reach 6 to 7.6 meters high, with large leaves up to 0.6 meters wide and 2.75
meters long. In fact, the banana plant, Musa acuminata, is the world’s largest perennial
herb. Cultivation is best suited to tropical and subtropical areas with ample water, rich
soil, and good drainage. Because bananas have been cultivated to become seedless,
commercially grown bananas are propagated through division, a process of separating
offshoots, or “pups,” from the mother plant.
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Classified as a berry rather than a fruit, the banana develops in a heart-shaped
flower bud and forms bunches, called a “hand,” of 10 to 20 individual “fingers”
weighing 20 to 45 kilograms. Although we picture bananas in a bright yellow skin with
brown spots, turning to a solid brownish black as they ripen and sweeten, they also
come in green, purple, red, orange, pink, black, and striped jackets, and a variety of
sizes. Of the 1,200 varieties of bananas, the most widely consumed banana is the Dwarf
Cavendish (Cavendish for short), named for William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire,
who cultivated an early specimen in his hothouses.
Nutritional composition
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A nine-inch-long banana is 75 percent water and 35 percent skin, and has
between 110 and 140 calories. Bananas contain three sugars: sucrose, fructose, and
glucose, making them an instant and sustained energy food. The following table lists
only some of the most important nutrients in a banana.
Health benefits
Heart protection and hemoglobin production
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Because of their extremely high potassium and minimal sodium content,
bananas have been proven to reduce the risk of high blood pressure and stroke, and to
regulate heartbeat. The iron in bananas ensures the production of hemoglobin in the
blood and prevents anemia.
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