operating activities – the main revenue-generating activities of the business, together with
cash outflows relating to interest and tax
•
investing activities – the acquisition and disposal of long-term assets and other investments
that are not considered to be cash equivalents, together with interest and dividends received
•
financing activities – receipts from the issue of new shares, changes in long-term borrowings
and payment of dividends.
At the end of the statement, the net increase in cash and cash equivalents is shown, both at the start
and end of the period under review. For this purpose:
•
Cash is defined as cash on hand and demand deposits.
•
Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments that can easily be
converted into cash. This is usually taken to mean money held in a term deposit account that
can be withdrawn within three months from the date of deposit.
•
Bank overdrafts – usually repayable on demand – are included as part of cash and cash
equivalents.
Format of the statement
Operating activities The cash flow from operating activities is calculated as:
•
profit from operations (profit before deduction of tax and interest)
•
add: depreciation charge for the year
•
add: loss on sale of non-current assets (or deduct gain on sale of non-current assets)
•
less: investment income
•
add: decrease in inventories, decrease in trade and other receivables and increase in trade
payables; or
deduct: increase in inventories, increase in trade and other receivables and decrease in trade
payables
•
less: interest paid
•
less: taxes paid on income (usually corporation tax).
Investing activities This is calculated by including:
•
inflows from sale proceeds of property, plant and equipment both tangible and intangible,
together with other non-current assets
•
outflows from cash used to purchase property, plant and equipment, both tangible and
intangible, together with other non-current assets
•
interest received
•
dividends received.