Introduction to computer science dessalegn Mequanint Yehuala Foreword

Unit 1: Introduction to Computer Systems
25
Classification by Physical Size, Capacity and Performance
At this stage, by a computer, we mean a general-purpose digital computer. There is a wide
variety of general purpose digital computers on the market place today, in terms of physical
size, price, capacity, and performance. They are classified as follows by their capacity and size:
Super Computers:
Super computers are the fastest, largest and most potential types
of computer. They have speed of hundreds of millions of operation per second, a primary
memory capacity of about 80 million characters, a secondary memory of capacity of about 20
times its primary memory.
• They are multi-user systems in intercontinental range.
• They can carry out enormously complex scientific calculations.
They are used to process huge amount of data and are commonly used in areas where there
is a pressing need for big storage as well as performance capacity. Sectors where Super
computers are in high demand include space technology centers, meteorology stations,
astronomical observatories, intercontinental communications, airline organizations.
Mainframe computers:
Smaller than supercomputers in size and capacity, lower in speed &
memory capacity than the supercomputers. However they are multi-user systems and handle
hundreds of users, usually used in large organizations.
Mini computers
: Have relatively lower speed, can handle multi-users, are smaller in size than
the mainframe computers. They use terminals for inputs and output. Mini computers are used
in small organizations.
Micro computers:
Micro computer (personal or desktop computer) is a computer whose
CPU is a microprocessor. Microprocessor is a processor all of whose components are on a
single integrated-circuit chip. Since its CPU is integrated in a single circuit, it can serve only a
single user at a time. Most of home and personal office computers are microcomputers. The
relative performance and usage of personal computer is relatively increased with a very high
rate.
What is Computer Science?
Computer Science is the study of Computers and Computational systems. It is a science
concerned with the representation, storage, manipulation or processing and presentation of
information. Like any other science, which uses some devices for the practical aspect, computer
Science uses an electronic or digital device called
Computer
Like other sciences Computer Science has different fields of specialization or sub-disciplines.
Major fields of study in Computer Science include artificial intelligence, computer systems
and networks, security, database systems, human computer interaction, vision and graphics,
numerical analysis, programming languages, software engineering, bioinformatics and theory
of computing. A description for some of the disciplines is given below.

---

---