The discovery of the nucleus-Yadroning kashf etilishi
The structure of the atom was first probed by the Rutherford experiment in 1909.
A beam of particles generated by the radioactive decay of radium was directed
onto a sheet of a very thin gold foil.
Atomning tuzilishi birinchi marta 1909 yilda Rezerford tajribasida tekshirilgan.
Radiyning radioaktiv parchalanishi natijasida hosil bo'lgan zarrachalar nurini juda
yupqa oltin folga varag'iga yo'naltirildi
particles
Target -nishon Au
source
screen
The unexpected results demonstrated the existence of the atomic nuclei.
Kutilmagan natijalar atom yadrolarining mavjudligini ko'rsatdi.
Before this exp. people thought that particles should all be deflected by at most a few degrees.
Bundan oldin odamlar zarrachalar bir necha gradus burchakka buriladi deb o’ylashgan
But some ‘s were deflected through angles much larger than 90 degrees !!-Ammo ba'zi lar 90 gradus darajadan kattaroq burchaklar orqali burilib ketgan !!
The results suggest that the greater part of the mass of the atom was concentrated into a very small region.
Natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, atom massasining katta qismi juda kichik hududda to'plangan.
To be sure that the projectile do interact with only one nucleus-Snaryad faqat bitta yadro bilan o'zaro ta'sir qilishiga ishonch hosil qilish uchun
What about electrons ?
Electrons do not affect the trajectory of the projectile which is much heavier- Elektronlar ancha og'irroq bo'lgan zarrachaning traektoriyasiga ta'sir qilmaydi
Why in the vacuum ?
In the air, the slowing down of the beam and of the scattered make the analysis more complicated and can even stop the particles before detection.-Havoda zarrachalar tarqalishi sekinlashi tahlilni murakkablashtiradi va hatto zarrachalarni aniqlashdan oldin to'xtatib qo'yishi ham mumkin.
