3. The Grammatical Word
The ‘word’ can also be seen as a representation of a lexeme that is
associated with certain morpho-syntactic properties (i.e. partly morphological
and partly syntactic properties) such as noun, adjective, verb, tense, gender,
number, etc. We shall use the term grammatical word to refer to the ‘word’ in
this sense. We see above that the word “studied” comes from the word “study”
or lexeme “STUDY”. We form it into “studied” in the sentence below:
“Wati studied for her exams last night”
The sentence above shows morpho-syntactic process.
Attention should be paid to the word “help’ in the two sentences below
which should be regarded as representing two distinct grammatical words in the
following:
1. Usually I help my mom at home.
2. Yesterday I helped my aunty in Bogor.
The same word-form “help”, belonging to the verbal lexeme HELP, can
represent two different grammatical words. In sentence (a), “HELP” represents
the grammatical word “help”/verb, present, non 3
rd
person, i.e. the present tense,
non-third person form of the verb “help”. But in (b) it represents the
grammatical word put/verb, past which realizes the past tense of “help”.
Besides the two grammatical words realized by the word-form “help” which
we have mentioned above, there is a third one which you can observe in Steve
BING4316/MODUL 1
1.13
needs “help” tomorrow. This grammatical word is “help” [noun, singular]. It
belongs to a separate lexeme HELP, the noun. Obviously, HELP, the noun, is
related in meaning to HELP, the verb. However, HELP, the noun, is a separate
lexeme from HELP, the verb, because it belongs to a different word-class. The
nature of grammatical word is important in the discussion of the relationship
between words and sentences and the boundary between morphology and
syntax. These grammatical words are also known as Content Words.
Activity 2
Below are 20 words which are a representation of a lexeme. Those words
are associated with certain morpho-syntactic properties such as noun, adjective,
verb, tense, gender, number, etc. Fill in the column below to show the lexeme
and grammatical words to refer to the italic words in the sentences provided. No
1 and 2 are given as an example.
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