a. Unbound or free-standing morphemes are individual elements that can
seem free, since there is an English word "ten". However, its lexical
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English Morpho - Syntax
grammatical unit that can occur by itself. However, other morphemes such
as affixes can be attached to it.
Example: girl, system, desire, hope, act, phone, happy.
b. Bound morphemes are meaning-bearing units of language, such as prefixes
and suffixes, that are attached to unbound morphemes. They cannot stand
alone. "Their attachment modifies the unbound morphemes in such things
as number or syntactic category. For example:
Adding the bound morpheme (s) to the unbound morpheme
(cat) changes the noun's number the addition of the (ed) to
(augh) changes tense.
Similarly, the addition of (er) to (run) changes the verb to a
noun."
Linguistics recognizes two classes of bound morphemes.
a. The first class is called
inflectional morphemes and their influence on a
base word is predictable. Inflectional morphemes modify the grammatical
class of words by signalling a change in number, person, gender, tense, and
so on, but they do not shift the base form into another word class. When
'house' becomes 'houses,' it is still a noun even though you have added the
plural morphemes.
b. The second class of morphemes is derivational morphemes. They modify a
word according to its lexical and grammatical class. They result in more
profound changes on base words. The word 'style' is a noun, but if I make it
'stylish,' then it is an adjective. In English, derivational morphemes include
suffixes (e.g., 'ish,' 'ous,' 'er,' 'y,' 'ate,' and 'able') and prefixes (e.g., 'un,' 'im,
'
're,' and 'ex')."
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