example is something of a technicality given that it is an alteration or
BING4316/MODUL 1
1.33
occur in one fixed expression in the language under discussion. More frequently
there are unique morphs which look like obligatorily bound morphs. Examples
are –ter in laughter, -ert in inert, luke in lukewarm and cran in cranberry.
The status of unique morphs is determined by parallelism with other morphs
which are not unique. The –ter in laughter is seen to be a suffix because of
parallels with things like arrival, marri-age, inject-ion which also have a verb in
first position, where the meanings are relatable, and where there are clearly
repeated suffixes in parallel constructions. Cran is considered to be some kind
of root because of parallel constructions. Cran is considered to be some kind of
root because of parallels with blackberry, blueberry, cloudberry, snowberry,
waxberry and the like. We must demand parallels of a general type before we
analyze a unique morph in order to avoid analysing a unique morph h- in hear.
The meaning associated with a unique morph is determined by subtracting
the meanings associated with the known morphs in the construction form the
meaning of the construction as a whole. So the meaning associated with cran is
precisely what makes cranberries a subset of all berries.
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