Koreascholar

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, Grace AMIN
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Received: September 10, 2020 Revised: November 08, 2020 Accepted: November 16, 2020
Abstract
Tourist loyalty is created through good tourism service quality and the availability of tourism products. This study discussed the various 
attributes of tourism service quality, namely, tour agents, efficient personnel, accessible transportation, and information service quality. 
Whereas for tourism product availability attributes were varieties of product availability, wide selection of tour agents and tourist products, 
and wide variety of amenity services. As a general rule, the minimum is to have at least five times as many observations as the number of 
variables to be analyzed, and the more acceptable sample size would have a 10:1 ratio. A total of 424 questionnaires were returned, with 
35 removed due to errors. Finally, 389 questionnaires respondents were used via accidental sampling method through the distribution 
of questionnaires to foreign tourists at Soekarno Hatta International Airport. In addition, AMOS 7.0 software is used to test models in 
confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as well as hypothetical testing using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that all 
hypotheses were accepted, except for the effect of tourism service quality on tourist loyalty in Indonesia. This research aims to contribute 
significantly to the existing knowledge of tourism, specifically from a foreign tourist perspective in Indonesia. 
Keywords: Service Quality, Product Availability, Tourist Satisfaction, Tourist Loyalty, Structural Model
JEL Classification Code: G20, G21, G28
1. Introduction
Travel and tourism play an essential role in supporting 
the foreign currency economy and income sources for many 
countries (United Nations World Tourism Organization, 2017). 
Mcewen and Bennett (2010) and Bremner (2017) stated that 
tourism contributes up to US$1.4 trillion of foreign earnings 
worldwide after the mining industry (United Nations World 
Tourism Organization, 2017). According to the calculation 
obtained from the direct travel and tourism GDP, Indonesia is 
sixth out of the top ten largest cities in Asia-Pacific. Indonesia 
is a country with total land and sea area of 5,180,053 km
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, 
comprising 13,487 islands and 1,340 ethnic groups (Nuryadi, 
2018). The natural, cultural, historical, religious, culinary, 
and shopping richness makes it a popular tourism destination. 
According to the Minister of Tourism Arief Yahya the country 
initially ranked 40 out of 114 countries in the tourism sector. 
However, after some branding, the rating increased to 38, 
thereby beating Thailand and Malaysia, which is an excellent 
achievement due to the strict assessment of tourism indicators 
(CNN Indonesia, 2019). 
The World Economic Forum (2017) stated that the 
Indonesian tourism sector is putting in more effort into 
infrastructure, information, economic, cultural, historical,