fir’avnlari mamlakatni yana birlashtirishga ko‘p urindilar lekin natija boimadi. Shuning uchun ham tarixchilar 7-dan 10-sulolagacha boigan vaqtni birinchi oraliq davr deb ataganlar. 1 l-sulola yuzaga kelishi bilan o‘rta podsholik davri boshlangan. Bu davr eramizdan awalgi 1700-yilgacha davom etgan. 0 ‘z navbatida misr liklar ham qo‘shni davlatlarga yurish qila boshladilar. Birinchi boiib, Suriya mamlakati zabt etildi. Ekspansiya janubga Nubiylar xududiga qa- rab avj oldi. U yerdan esa oltin, fil suyagi va qullar ko£plab keltirildi. Qim- matbaho tosh va oitinlar ko‘mish marosimlarini bezash uchun ishlatildi. Monumental me’morchilikda esa piramidalar qurilishi 0 ‘rta podsholik davrida ham davom ettirildi. Ammo shakl jihatidan ular bir- biriga o'xshasalarda, masshtabi jihatdan qadimgi podsholik 74
Auguste Choisy. The World History of Architecture. London. 2009. P-35 (Опост Шуази. Всеобщая история
архитектуры. ООО Издательство ЭКСМО 2009 юггобининг рус тилвдагн талкинндан фшщалаяклган)
(The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid ofKlmfa «-the Pyramid ofChcop*) is the oldest and largesi
of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza. Egypt. It is the oldest of die Seven
W o n d e rs
of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. Based cm a mark is an interior chamber naming
the work gang mid a reference to fourth dvnastv Egyptian Pharaoh KhufuJSgvptolottists believe that die pyramid was
built as a tomb over a 10 to 20-уеш' period concluding around 2560 BC. Initially at 146.5 metres (4S1 feet), the Great
Pyramid was die tallest
structure in die worid for more than 3,800 years. Originally, die Great Pyramid was
covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some
of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been vaying scientific
and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction hypotheses are
based on die idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a granrv and dragging and lifting them into place.
There are three known chambers inside, the Great Pyramid. The lowest chamber is cut into the bedrock upon which
the pyramid was built and was anfimshed. The so-called Queers Chamber and King's Chamber are higher up within
the pyramid structure. The tnaftv part o f the Giza complex is a setting of buildings that included two mortuary
temples in honour of Khufa (one close to the pyramid and one near the Nile), three smaller pyramids for Khufu's
wives, an even smaller M
satellite" pyramid, a raised causeway connecting the two temples, and small mastaba tombs
surrounding the pyramid for nobles).