Figure 11. Fig.11 Innovation culture
The regression analysis both for team and senior management commitment
constructs showed nearly similar results, 15 and 14 percent respectively. Necessary to
point out, that the average score for the team construct was M=4, 08. These results are
in the line of early studies that point out the role of team organization. Thus, many
authors pay attention to that fact, that proper organized team consists of multifunctional
specialists, team members trust each other, can communicate and coordinate well. Such
team organization could be more effective in developing and decision-making process
(Peltokorpi & Hasu, 2014; Somech & Drach-Zahavy, 2013). The average result for senior
management commitment was 3, 59, not very low, but not very high. This indicates, that
executive management between Icelandic IT firms could be more active to involve in front
end of innovation activities. Active senior management participation in the front end of
innovation activities in turn could stimulate Innovation capacity and the front end of
innovation performance (Daellenbach & McCarthy, 1999; De Jong & Den Hartog, 2007;
Krause, 2004).
To sum up, the collected data analysis confirmed that the following organizational
attributes are positively related to the FEI performance: innovation strategy, innovation
53
culture, senior management commitment and team. Moreover, given constructions
model explains 45, 1% outcome of the front end of innovation performance (see Fig.13).
Figure 12.Results of the regression analysis for organizational attributes constructs
These positive relationships between organizational attributes and the front end of
innovation performance also support previous studies (De Jong & Den Hartog, 2007;
Lafley & Charan, 2010), which emphasize the importance of the holistic approach into the
managing the front end of innovation activities. The holistic approach first and foremost
requires an efficient linkage between corporative strategy, new product or service
strategy and decision-making concerning the product specifications (Khurana &
Rosenthal, 1998; Lafley & Charan, 2010). This linkage could be achieved through the
integration of all such essential elements as the development of the new product
strategy, planning and development of new product concept, portfolio, financial and
human resources planning into the corporative business running process (Lafley &
Charan, 2010). In over words, success in the innovation process could be attained through
the integration and support of all the core elements of the Innovation organization,
namely corporative vision, innovative strategy, innovative culture, senior management
commitment in reviews and decision making, teams' organization. Both structure
attributes and process organization have to be seen as essential elements for the front
end of innovation activities (Koen et al., 2002).
FEI Performance
45 % of variance
explained
Innovation
Stratgey
Innovation Culture
Senior
management
commitment
Team
54
3.1
Contributions and limitations.
The given research provides some potentially useful managerial implications within
the front end of innovation activities. First, it is emphasizing the important role of
organizational attributes contributing to the front end of innovation performance.
Second, from the managerial point of view, it could help to improve the front end of
innovation activities in order to achieve a higher performance in the innovation process.
There are also some possible limitations of this research. The research sample size was
just 111 and larger sample size could be more representative. The data was collected just
from Icelandic companies. Considering the impact of the Icelandic culture, another
dataset between the companies in the other markets could have another result. The
majority of the organizations participated in the survey were small-and medium-sized
companies (69, 4%). Thus, the larger proportion of the big companies could also have an
impact on the research results.
55
Appendices
Appendix 1: The Durbin-Watson statistic
Model Summary
b
Model
R
R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
Durbin-
Watson
1
,689
a
,475
,451
,53082
1,824
a. Predictors: (Constant), Leadership_total, Strategy_total, Team_total,
Culture_total
b. Dependent Variable: Total_performance
Appendix 2: Histogram
56
Appendix 3: Normal P-P Plot
3.2
Appendix 4: The final questionnaire
Dear Sir/ Madam
This survey will take approximately 3-5 minutes of your time and aimed at studying
factors which are relevant for the first phase of the Innovation process, sometimes
referred to as the Front End of Innovation or FEI.
In this research, a product development project relates to the development of new
products/ services which the company offers to its clients.
Based on your last new product/service development project, please answer the
following questions. For each statement, please check whether you strongly disagree,
disagree, neither degree nor disagree, agree, strongly agree.
The answers will not be traced to individuals and will be confidential.
57
Alesya Alexandersdóttir (alk16@hi.is)
1. Our last new product/ service project was the one of the fastest projects ever
undertaken by our firm
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
2. In the Front End of Innovation stage the development costs did not exceed budget.
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
3. The project plan was explicit and stable
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
4. The new product /service concept was clear and in the line with customer needs
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
5. Our project defined clear and realistic project targets.
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
6. Team vision and shared purpose were quickly developed during our project.
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
58
7. Our project's goals can fit firm's goals and meet market needs
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
8. Our firm reward project members for their innovativeness
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
9. Employees of our firm have time to consider and test new ideas
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
10. Employees of our firm receive new ideas in an attentive and professional way.
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
11. Our team is composed of cross-functional experts
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
12. Our team has sufficient knowledge and capabilities to perform specialized roles
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
13. Our team can communicate and coordinate well
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
59
14. Our team leadership initiates major new front-end projects
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
15. Our team leadership is strongly committed to front-end activities
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
16. Our team leadership participates in making key decisions in project reviews.
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly disagree
Strongly agree
17. What are the extent of innovation projects in your company?
1-5 projects/ year
5-10 projects/ year
10-15 projects/ year
15-20 projects/ year
More than 20 projects/ year
18. Our innovation projects generally last for...
1-3 months
3-6 months
6-12 months
12-24 months
Longer than 24 months
3.3
Background information
Sex
Male
Female
Nationality
60
Age in years.
Number of years with the organization.
Current occupation
Education
High school
BS/BA degree
MS/MA/MBA degree
Phd/DBA degree
Other:
How many employees does your company have?
10-29
30-49
50-249
250- and more
61
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