Low and middle
mountain zone
Middle and upper
mountain zone
Subalpine and
alpine zone
Num
be
r
of
sp
ec
ies
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Symbiotrophs Humus saprophytes
Xylotrophs
%
of
taxa
28
Plant & Fungal Research
Europe [Grunert, Grunert 2002]. The Red Book of
Azerbaijan [2013] includes 14 mushroom species of
which Lactarius deliciosus, Morchella crassipes, Tuber
aestivum were found in Shaki. Butriboletus regius,
Cortinarius triumphans, Clavariadelphus pistillaris,
Crepidotus cesatii, Lactarius deliciosus, Morchella
crassipes, Otidea onotica, Suillellus queletii and Tuber
aestivum were rare species in the studied area.
Use possibility. Based on available literature all identified
taxa were grouped as edible, conditional edible, not
edible, poisonous, edibility not known (Fig.4) [Arora,
1986; Grunert, Grunert, 2002; Opred…, 1985; Sadıqov,
2007, 2009; Zerova et al., 1979]. Recorded edible taxa
were Agaricus bisporus, Amanita rubescens, Apioperdon
pyriforme, Armillaria mellea, Boletus aereus, B.
edulis, f. quercicola, f. betulicola, var. arenarius,
Boletus subtomentosus, B. reticulatus, B. variipes,
Bovista plumbea, Butyriboletus appendiculatus, B.
regius, Calocybe gambosa, Cantharellus cibarius, C.
subalbidus, Cerioporus squamosus, Clitocybe odora,
Coprinus comatus, Coprinopsis atramentaria, Fistulina
hepatica, Flammulina velutipes, Gomphidius roseus,
Helvella lacunose, Hymenopellis radicata, Imleria
badia, Lactarius deliciosus, L. volemus, Leccinum
crocipodium, Leccinellum griseum, L. scabrum, Lepista
nuda, Lycoperdon umbrinum, Mycetinis scrodonius,
Otidea onotica, Pluteus pellitus, Russula delica, R.
olivacea, R. turci, R. virescens, Suillus granulatus,
Suillus luteus f. albus, Tuber aestivum, Xanthoconium
separans and Xerocomus chrysenteron according to the
available literature [Arora D., 1986; Opred…, 1985;
Sadıqov A. 2007]. Conditional edible are Helvella
lacunosa, Lactarius acris, M. crassipes, M. esculenta,
Neoboletus erythropus, Suillellus luridus, Suilellus
queletii and Suillus luteus.
Amanita fulva, Amanita vaginata, Auriscalpium
vulgare, Boletus purpureus, Caloboletus radicans,
Clavariadelphus pistillaris, Coprinus picaceus,
Ganoderma lucidum, Geastrum saccatum, Hydnellum
concrescens, Lactarius piperatus, L. zonarius,
Marasmius capillaries, Mycena crocata, M.
haematopus, Russula albonigra, R. foetens, R.
rosacea, Sarcoscypha coccinea, Tremella mesenterica,
Tricholoma ustale mentioned not edible mushrooms in
the above mentioned literature. Poisonous species were
Amanita pantherina, Galerina patagonica, Hypholoma
acutum, Hebeloma sinapizans, Inocybe maculata, I.
rimosa, Mycena pura, Rubroboletus satanas.
Edibility not known were Agrocybe praecox,
Cerioporus varius, Cortinarius triumphans, Crepidotus
cesatii, Echinoderma asperum, Helvella acetabulum,
H. atra, Hemimycena delectabilis, Hemileccinum
depilatum, Hortiboletus rubellus, Lentinus brumalis,
Lepiota ignivolvata, Leucoagaricus carneifolius,
Morchella esculenta var. rotunda, Phaeomarasmius
erinaceus, Phallus ravenelii, Polyporus septosporus, P.
forquignoni, Ramaria obtusissima, Rheubarbariboletus
armeniacus, Rubroboletus legaliae, R. lupinus, Russula
minutula, Suillus collinitus and Suillus luteus f. albus.
In literature some species were classified into
different categories. Morchella esculenta and M.
crassipes were noted as high quality edible species by D.
Arora [1986], but as conditionally edible by A. Sadiqov
[2007]. Lepiota cristata was mentioned as possible poi-
sonous by D. Arora [1986], but not poisonous or not
edible mushroom by G. Grunert and B. Grunert [2002].
Also Chlorophyllum rhacodes were identified as edible
in the book by D. Arora [1986], but conditionally edible
in G. Grunert, B.Grunert [2002]. Amanita rubescens
were described as conditionally edible in Zerova et al.
[1979]. Neoboletus erythropus was mentioned as pos-
sible allergenic in D. Arora [1986], but highly edible in
G. Grunert, B. Grunert [2002] and conditionally edible
in Zerova et al. [1979].
Some species such as Helvella acetabulum, H. atra
were included to the edibility not known group. Also
possible edibility of Cortinarius triumphans, Crepidotus
cesatii, Hemileccinum depilatum, Hemimycena
delectabilis, Hortiboletus rubellus, Lepiota ignivolvata,
Leucoagaricus carneifolius,
Phaeomarasmius
erinaceus, Ramaria obtusissima, Rheubarbariboletus
armeniacus, Rubroboletus legaliae, R. lupinus, Russula
Figure 4. Nutritional significance of mushrooms species
of Shaki district.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Edible
Conditionally
edible
Not edible
Poisonous
Edibility not
known
%
o
f ta
xa
29
Mustafabayli and Aghayeva.: Mushroom diversity in Shaki
minutula and Suillus collinitus were not mentioned in
available literature.
CONCLUSION
Mushrooms are non-wood forest-product in forest eco-
system, data on their diversity and productivity is high-
ly valuable. Fungi have significant effects on ecosystem
processes and they are one of the main indicators of
ecological disturbances. They are very sensitive to cli-
mate change that induces their fruiting, which could be
also used as reliable indicator for monitoring the early
climate change impacts [Alday et al., 2017; Boddy et
al., 2013].
Nowadays fungal diversity’ studies keep its impor-
tance. One of the challenges of mycological studies in
the country is to continue search for fungal diversity
in different ecosystems, establish rare and endangered
species for the country; renew the list of identified ed-
ible, non-edible and poisonous species. Special interest
is directed to the identification and use possibilities of
mushrooms.
In this study the diversity of fungi of Shaki district
was revealed. Fungal distribution along elevation zones
was not significant and showed that most of fungi dis-
tributed in more than one altitude, but significant sea-
sonal variation was observed and number of mushrooms
in the summer season was obviously high. Fruiting
season of some species is extended such as Lactarius
deliciosus and Suillus granulatus. The most successful
group among ecological ones was symbiotrophs, due to
their role in nutrient circulation in mixed forests. Cre-
ated datasets for Shaki district will help to effectively
characterize spatial and temporal variability of mush-
rooms in the country.
REFERENCES
Aghayeva D.N. (2018) History of mycological investi-
gation in Azerbaijan: classical approaches, modern
initiatives and future challenges. First Intern. Sci.
Conf. on History of Science and Science ...: Interdis-
cip-linary studies. 29/30 October, p. 593-599.
Ağayeva D.N., Sadıqov A.S. (2014) Abşeronun
mikobiotası. Bakı: Elm, 263 s. (in Azerbaijani)
Ağayeva D.N., Sadıqov A.S. (2009) Böyük Qafqaz və
Talışdan toplanılmış müxtəlif ekoloji qruplara aid
makromisetlər. AMEA Botanika İnstitutunun elmi
əsərləri, 29: 176–183 (in Azerbaijani)
Alakbarli F. (2006) Azerbaijan. Medieval manuscripts,
history of medicine, medicinal plants. Baku: Nurlan.
125 p.
Alday J.G., Aragon J.M., Miguel S., Bonet J.A. (2017)
Mushroom biomass and diversity are driven by dif-
ferent spatio-temporal scales along Mediterranean
elevation gradients. Sci Rep, 7: 45824
doi: 10.1038/srep45824
Arora D. (1986) Mushrooms demystified: A compre-
hensive guide to the fleshy fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley:
Ten Speed Press, 959 p.
Boddy L., Büntgen U., Egli S., Gange A.C., Heegaard
E., Kirk P.M., Mohammad A., Kauserud H. (2013)
Climate variation effects on fungal fruiting. Fungal
Biol, 30: 1-14.
Bondartseva M.A. (1998) Opredelitel’ qribov Rossii.
Poryadok Afillioforovie. SPb: Nauka, 2: 391p.
Dermek A., Pilát M. (1974) Poznávajne huby. Veda, Vy-
davatelstvo Slovenskej Akadémie Vied. 256 s.
Dudka I.A., Wasser S.P. (1987) Qribi. Spravochnik
mikoloqa i qribnika. Kiev: Naukova Dumka. 534 p.
(in Russian)
Georgi J.T. (1800) Geographishch-physikalische und
naturhistische Beschreibung des Russischen Reichs.
Th. III. Bd. 5.
Grunert G., Grunert B. (2002) Qribi. Moskva: Astrel.
287 p.
Hills A.E. (2009) The genus Xerocomus. A personal
view, with a key to the British species. Trans. Br.
Mycol. Soc., 9 (3): 77-96.
Horac E. (2005) Rohrlinge und Blatterplize in Europa.
München, 555 s.
Index Fungorum Partnership: www.indexfungorum.
com
Klofac W. (2013) A worldwide key to the genus Suillus.
Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde, 22: 211-
278.
Kolenati F.A. (1858) Die Bereisung Hocharmeniens
und Elisabethopols, der Schekinschen Provinzund
des Kasbek im Central – Kaukasus, Dresden: Kun-
tze, 6, 289 pp.
Ladurne H., Simonini G. (2003) Fungi Europaei Xero-
comus s.l. Italy: Edizioni Candusso, 527 p. (in Ital-
ian)
Moser M. (1967) Die Röhrlinge und ßlätterpilze (Agari-
cales). In: Kleine Kryptogamenflora. Jena: G. Fisch-
er., ßd II b/2. 443 s. (in Germany)
Moser M. (1986) Guida alla determinazione dei fungi
(Polyporales, Boletales, Agaricales, Russulales).
Trento: Saturnia, 565 p. (in Germany)
MycoBank Database (Fungal databases, Nomenclature
& Species bank), International Mycological Asso-
ciation: www.mycobank.org
30
Plant & Fungal Research
Muñoz J.A. (2005) Fungi Europaei Boletus s.l. (excl.
Xerocomus) Strobilomycetaceae, Gyroporaceae,
Gyrodontaceae, Suillaceae, Boletaceae. Italy: Ed-
izioni Candusso. 952 p. (in Italian)
Opredelitel’ aqarikalnykh qribov Zakavkaz’ya (1985)
Ed. I.G. Nakhusrishvili. Tibilisi: Meseniereba, 264
p. (in Russian)
Pilát A. (1969) Houby Československa ve svém
životnim prostředi. Praha: Academia Nakladatelstvǐ
Československé Academie Véd. 267 s. (in Czech)
Qənbərov X.Q., Ağayeva S.A., Sadiqov A.S. (2012)
Talış meşələrinin mikoriza əmələ gətirən bazidili
göbələkləri. Bakı: Elm., 178 s. (in Azerbaijani)
Red Book of Azerbaijan Republic. Rare and endangered
plant and fungi species (2013) Second edition. Baku:
Sharq-Qarb, 670 p.
Richard F., Bellanger J.M., Clowez P., Hansen K.,
O’Donnell K., Urban A., Sauve M., Courtecuisse R.,
Moreau P.A. (2015) True morels (Morchella, Peziza-
les) of Europe and North America: evolutionary re-
lationships inferred from multilocus data and a uni-
fied taxonomy. Mycologia, 107(2): 359-382.
Sadiqov A.S. (1968) Shlyapochnie qribi Lenkoranskoy
zoni Azerbaidjanskoy SSR. Avtoref. diss. kand. biol.
nauk. Baku,17 s.
Sadiqov A.S. (1972) Noviye dlya Azerbaidjana
agarikovye qribi. Izvestiya AN Azerbaidjanskoy SSR,
ser. biol. nauk, 1: 32-36. (in Russian)
Sadiqov A.S. (2007) Azərbaycanın yeməli və zəhərli
göbələkləri. Bakı: Elm. 109s. (in Azerbaijani)
Sadiqov A.S., Ağayeva D.N. (2016) Azərbaycan üçün
yeni makromisetlər. AMEA-nın Xəbərləri, biol. və
tibb elmləri, 71(2): 43-49. (in Azerbaijani)
Šutara J. (2008) Xerocomus s.l. in the light of the pres-
ent state of knowledge. Czech Mycol, 60(1): 29-62.
Voronov Yu.N. (1922-1923) Trudy Tbilisskoqo bo-
tanicheskoqo sada. Tiflis: Tipoqrafiya Poliqrafotdela
V.S.N.Kh.Q. 186 s.
Wasser S.P. (1980). Flora qribov Ukrainy. Aqarikovye
qribi (Agaricales). Kuiv: Naukova dumka. 328 p. (in
Ukarinian)
Zerova M.Ya., Sosin P.E., Rozhenko G.L. (1979)
Viznachnik qribov Ukraini. Bazidiomiseti 5(2).
Boletalni,
strobilomisetalnı,
trixolomatalnı,
entolomatalnı, rusulalnı, aqarikalnı, gasteromisetu.
Кuiv: Naukova dumka. 564 с. (in Ukarinian)
.
Azərbaycanın Şəki rayonunun papaqlı göbələk
müxtəlifliyi
Elgün H. Mustafabəyli
Dilzarə N. Ağayeva
AMEA Botanika İnstitutu, Badamdar şossesi 40, Bakı, AZ1004, Azərbaycan
Azərbaycanın Şəki rayonunun göbələk müxtəlifliyi
2013-2018-ci illərdə tədqiq edilib. Ümumilikdə
346 göbələk nümunəsi toplanılıb və morfoloji
xüsusiyyətlərinə görə təyinat aparılıb. Fenotipik
xüsusiyətlər, həmçinin mikroskopik əlamətlər (ölçülər,
forma və rəng) nəzərə alınmışdır. Son taksanomik və
nomenklatur dəyişikliklərə əsasən Ascomycota və Ba-
sidiomycta şöbələrindən 67 cins, 32 fəsilə və 11 sıraya
aid 111 taksa (106 növ, üç forma və iki variasiya) təyin
edilmişdir. Morchella esculenta var. rotunda və Suillus
luteus f. albus Azərbaycan üçün yeni taksonlardır.
Göbələklərin ekoloji qrupları müəyyən edilmişdir.
Amanita fulva, A. pantherina, A. vaginata, Apioperdon
pyriforme, Boletus edulis, B. reticulatus, Bovista
plumbea, Caloboletus radicans, Cantharellus cibarius,
C. subalbidus, Chlorophyllum rhacodes, Coprinopsis
atramentaria, Hymenopellis radicata, Hypholoma
fasciculare, Lactarius piperatus, Leccinum scabrum,
Lepiota cristata, Lycoperdon umbrinum, Morchella
esculenta, Mycena crocata, M. pura, Russula foetens,
R. rosacea, Sarcoscypha coccinea, Suillus granulatus,
S. luteus, Suillellus luridus və Tricholoma ustale rayon
ərazisində tez-tez rast gəlinən növlərdir. Butyriboletus
regius, Cortinarius triumphans, Clavariadelphus
pistillaris, Crepidotus cesatii, Lactarius deliciosus,
Morchella crassipes, Otidea onotica, Suillellus queletii
və Tuber aestivum tədqiqat ərazisində nadir halda tapılıb.
Aşağı dağ qurşağından etibarən yüksəkliklər üzrə növ
müxtəlifliyinin dəyişməsi qeyd edilmişdir. Orta-yuxarı
dağ qurşaqlarından başlayaraq növlərin yayılması
azalır. Göbələklərin yüksəkliklər üzrə paylanmasına re-
lyefin xüsusiyyətləri və iqlimin təsiri müşahidə edilir.
Bir sıra növlər birdən çox yüksəklikdə qeydə alınıb.
Həmçinin göbələklərdən istifadə imkanları araşdırılıb.
Açar sözlər: ekoloji qruplar, yeməli, göbələk, makro-
misetlər, zəhərli, növ
31
Mustafabayli and Aghayeva.: Mushroom diversity in Shaki
Разнообразие шляпочных грибов в Шекинском
районе Азербайджана
Эльгюн Г. Мустафабейли
Дильзара Н. Агаева
Институт Ботаники НАНА, Бадамдар 40, Баку, AZ1004,Азербайджан
Разнообразие шляпочных грибов в Шекинском рай-
оне Азербайджана изучено в 2013-2018 гг. Было
собрано и идентифицировано 346 образцов на ос-
нове морфологических диагностических призна-
ков. Учтены фенотипические свойства, а также
миkроскопические признаки (размеры, формы и цвет
спор). Всего 111 таксонов (106 видов, три формы и
две вариации), принадлежащих к 67 родам, 32 семей-
ствам и 11 порядкам Ascomycota и Basidiomycota,
были определены с учетом последних таксономи-
ческих и номенклатурных изменений. Morchella
esculenta var. rotunda и Suillus luteus f. albus являют-
ся новыми таксонами для Азербайджана. Выявлены
экологические группы шляпочных грибов. Amanita
fulva, A. pantherina, A. vaginata, Boletus edulis, B.
reticulates, Bovista plumbea, Caloboletus radicans,
Cantharellus cibarius, C. subalbidus, Chlorophyllum
rhacodes, Coprinopsis atramentaria, Hymenopellis
radicata, Hypholoma fasciculare, Lactarius piperatus,
Leccinum scabrum, Lepiota cristata, Apioperdon
pyriforme, Lycoperdon umbrinum, Morchella esculenta,
Mycena crocata, M. pura, Russula foetens, R. rosacea,
Sarcoscypha coccinea, Suillus granulatus, S. luteus и
Tricholoma ustale часто встречаемые в районе виды.
В изученном районе, были Butyriboletus regius,
Cortinarius triumphans, Clavariadelphus pistillaris,
Crepidotus cesatii, Lactarius deliciosus, Morchella
crassipes, Otidea onotica, Suillellus queletii и Tuber
aestivum обнаружены редко. Наблюдалась видовая
изменчивость по высотам, начиная с низкогорной
зоны. В средно-верхнем горном поясе численность
видов снижается. На характер распределения видов
влияют особенности горного хребта и потепление
климата. Некоторые виды были зарегистрированы в
более чем одной высотной зоне. Возможность ис-
пользования грибов также выясняется.
Ключевые слова: экологические группы, съедобный,
гриб, макромицеты, ядовитые, вид
Dostları ilə paylaş: |