Acknowledgement number: The number of the next expected segment in a TCP sequence
Address class system: A system which defines how the global IP address space is split up
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): A protocol used to discover the hardware address of a node with a certain IP address
Application layer payload: The entire contents of whatever data applications want to send to each other
Application layer:The layer that allows network applications to communicate in a way they understand
ARP table: A list of IP addresses and the MAC addresses associated with them
ASN: Autonomous System Number is a number assigned to an individual autonomous system
B
Bit: The smallest representation of data that a computer can understand
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): A protocol by which routers share data with each other
Broadcast address: A special destination used by an Ethernet broadcast composed by all Fs
Broadcast: A type of Ethernet transmission, sent to every single device on a LAN
C
Cable categories: Groups of cables that are made with the same material. Most network cables used today can be split into two categories, copper and fiber
Cables: Insulated wires that connect different devices to each other allowing data to be transmitted over them
Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD): CSMA/CD is used to determine when the communications channels are clear and when the device is free to transmit data
Client: A device that receives data from a server
CLOSE_WAIT: A connection state that indicates that the connection has been closed at the TCP layer, but that the application that opened the socket hasn't released its hold on the socket yet
CLOSE: A connection state that indicates that the connection has been fully terminated, and that no further communication is possible
