Client: A device that receives data from a server
CLOSE_WAIT: A connection state that indicates that the connection has been closed at the TCP layer, but that the application that opened the socket hasn't released its hold on the socket yet
CLOSE: A connection state that indicates that the connection has been fully terminated, and that no further communication is possible
CNAME: A resource record used to map one domain to another
Collision domain: A network segment where only one device can communicate at a time
Computer networking: The full scope of how computers communicate with each other
Connection-oriented protocol: A data-transmission protocol that establishes a connection at the transport layer, and uses this to ensure that all data has been properly transmitted
Connectionless protocol:A data-transmission protocol that allows data to be exchanged without an established connection at the transport layer. The most common of these is known as UDP, or User Datagram Protocol
Copper cable categories: These categories have different physical characteristics like the number of twists in the pair of copper wires. These are defined as names like category (or cat) 5, 5e, or 6, and how quickly data can be sent across them and how resistant they are to outside interference are all related to the way the twisted pairs inside are arranged
Crosstalk: Crosstalk is when an electrical pulse on one wire is accidentally detected on another wire
Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC): A mathematical transformation that uses polynomial division to create a number that represents a larger set of data. It is an important concept for data integrity and is used all over computing, not just network transmissions
D
Data offset field: A four-bit number that communicates how long the TCP header for this segment is
Data packet: An all-encompassing term that represents any single set of binary data being sent across a network link
Datalink layer: The layer in which the first protocols are introduced. This layer is responsible for defining a common way of interpreting signals, so network devices can communicate
