Non-finite forms of the verb

Passivized verbs
Non-passivized
Tell, give, call, watch, hear, write, prepare, buy	Have, die, fail, belong, cost, resemble
I gave him a book.	Finally he failed and gave up.
I was given a book. The book was given to me.	The computer cost more than 20000 Rub.
Jack called me.
I was called.

Aspect	Tense
	Present	Past	Future
Simple	I study English every day. English is studied every day.	Two years ago, I studied English in England. English was studied in England 2 yrs. ago.	The government will raise the taxes next year. The taxes will be raised next year
Continuous	I am doing my homework now. My homework is being done now.	I was studying English when you called yesterday. English was being studied …
Perfect	I have done my task already. My task has been done already.	Before we moved to the U.S. we had sold our house. The house had been sold before we moved to the USA	By the time we move to the USA we will have sold the house. The house will have been sold…
Perfect Continuous	I have been doing the task for the whole week. The task has been done for the whole week.

• Verbids (Non-Finites)

• The infinitive
• The gerund
• The present participle (I)
• The past participle (II)

• The infinitive

• The infinitive of a verb is its basic form with or without the particle to:
• The infinitive without “to” is called bare infinitive ('do', 'be')
• The infinitive with “to” is called full (marked) infinitive ('to do', 'to be')
• The infinitive combines the properties of the verb with those of the noun, as a result it serves as the verbal name of a process.

• The infinitive

• Passive
• Indefinite Passive
• (To be done)
• Perfect Passive
• (To have been done)

• Functions in the sentence

• The infinitive performs the syntactic functions of:
• subject
• To err is human, to forgive is divine.
• object
• He promised to show us all of the island.
• predicative
• My advice for you is to visit a doctor.
• attribute
• There is nothing else to say
• Adverbial modifier
• It is too good a story to belive

• The gerund

• The gerund, like the infinitive, combines the properties of the verb with those of the noun and gives the process the verbal name. In comparison with the infinitive the gerund reveals stronger substantive properties.

• Functions in the sentence

• The gerund performs the syntactic functions of:
• subject
• Dancing is what she likes most.
• object
• I intend doing it tomorrow.
• attribute
• There were cries of greeting from a dozen voices
• Adverbial modifier
• Tom considered before answering.

• The present participle

• The present participle serves as a qualifying-processual name.
• It combines the properties of the verb with those of the adjective and adverb.
• Functions in the sentence
• attribute
• I felt a bitter envy towards two boys walking along the path.

• The past participle

• The past participle combines the properties of the verb with those of the adjective.
• The categorial meaning of the past participle is qualifying: it gives some sort of qualification to the denoted process.
• Functions in the sentence
• attribute
• You didn’t look so interested.