8. 6. A M M I A K S I N T E Z I D A Q O ‘LLANADI GAN
K A T A L I Z A T O R L A R N I N G Z AH ARLAN IS H I
A m m i a k s int ezi u c h u n i shlatiladigan a z o t - v o d o r o d t ar ki bi da j u d a
h a m k a m m i q d o r d a g i g a z s i m o n a r a l a s h m a l a r b o T i s h i m u m k i n , u l a r
d a n a yr iml ar i s i nt ez j a r a y o n i d a ishl at il adiga n k at al iz a to r la r g a
zaharli
m o d d a si fat ida t a ’sir e t ad i va u l a r k a t a l i z a t o r n i n g z a h ar l a r i d e b a t a
ladi. G a z a r a l a s h m a l a r i n i n g a y r i ml ar i k a t a l i z a t o r g a q a y t m a s t a ’sir
etadi , y a ’ni k a t a l i za t o r t oz a a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s hm as i bilan ishlashga
o ‘t k a z i l g a n d a k a t a l i z a t o r n i n g dastlabki aktivligiga er ishib b o ' l m a y d i .
B u n d a y k a t a l i t i k z a h a r l a r g a t a r k i b i da o l t i n g u g u r t , fosfor, m i s h y ak
b i r ik ma l a r i b o ‘lgan b i r i k m a l a r kiradilar.
A z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l m a s h m a s i n i t a r k i b i d a k i s l o ro d i b o r b o ‘lgan
b i r i k m a l a r — suv b u g ‘i, ug l er o d m o n o o k s i d i va di oksi di, s h u n i n g -
d ek , k i s l or od h a m k a t a l i z a t o r n i z a h a r l a s h i g a olib keladi. A m m o ,
t a r k i b i d a b u n d a y m o d d a l a r b oMma g an t o z a a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h
masi q o ‘l l a n g a n d a k a t a l i z a t o r n i n g aktivligi q i s m a n q ay t a t iklandi.
T a r k i b i d a k is lor odi b o ‘lgan m o d d a l a r ka t a l i z a t o r g a q a n c h a l i k k o ‘p
vaqt t a ’sir e t s a va u l a r n i n g k o ns c n t ra t s i ya s i q a n c h a l i k yu qo ri b o ‘lsa,
k a t a l i z a t o r n i n g aktivligi s h u n c h a l i k t ez p a s a y a d i . K i ch i k m i q d o r d a
gi y u q o r i d a k o ‘rsatib o ‘tilgan m o d d a l a r b i lan 773 К — 823 К
larda
k at a l i za t o r n i dez akt ivat siya si (aktivligini p a s a y i sh i ) ni sb at an kat ta
e ma s di r, a m m o b u n d a n pa s tr o q t e m p e r a t u r a l a r d a dezakt ivatsiya j a r a
yo ni u l g ‘ayi b ketadi.
P o rs he n l i k o m p r e s s o r l a r d a yoki p o r s h e n l i s ir kul at si ya nasosl ar i-
d a s i q i la y o t ga n a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h m a s i s u r k o v c h i m o y l a r b u g ‘lari
bilan i floslanadilar. Ul ar , ay n iq sa past t e m p e r a t u r a l a r d a
kat al izator ni
z a h a r l a y d i . A m a l i y o t d a s i n t e z m i n o r a s i g a k i r a y o t g a n 1 m 3 a z o t -
v o d o r o d a r a l a s h m a s i d a g i z a h a r l a r m i q d o r i o d a t d a 10— 20 s m 3
( C O + C 0 2) d a n o s h m a y d i .
8.7. S I R K UL A T S IY A GAZLARI A R A L A S H M A S I D A N
A M M I A K N I AJ RA T I B O L I S H
S a n o a t s h a r o i t i d a k a t a l i za t o r orqali o ‘t a y o t g an a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a
l a s h m a s i ni ng faqat b i r q i s mi gi na a m m i a k k a aylanadi. Sh un i t a ’kidlab
o ‘ti sh k e r a k k i , hosil b o ‘l ayot gan a m m i a k a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h m a -
sidek gaz h ol at id a b o ‘lib, a m m i a k n i gaz a r a l a s h m as i da n
ajratib olishni
mura k k ab l as ht i r ad i . A m a l i y ot d a gaz a r a l a s h m a s i d an a m m i a k n i ajratib
olish u c h u n t a r k i b i d a a m m i a k gazi b o ‘lgan a r a l a s h m a n i a m m i a k n i
s u y u ql a n i s h t e m p e r a t u r a s i g a c h a sovitiladi. A m m i a k n i g a z a r a l a s h
m a s i d a n t o ‘liq k on dens ats iyal as hga erishish n az a ri y j i h a t d a n m u m k i n
219
b o ‘l sa - da , a m a l i y o t d a b u n g a y o ‘l q o ‘yib
b oMma ydi , c h u n k i b u j a r a
y on iqt isodi y j i h a t d a n a n c h a g i n a q i m m a t g a t u sh i s h i m u m k i n . S h u
ni ng u c h u n h a m hosil b o ‘lgan a m m i a k n i n g b i r qismi g a z a r a l a s h
m a s i d a g a z h o l a t i d a qol ib ket adi . Qu y i da g i 8 . 4 - j a d v a l d a t a r k i b i d a
i nert gazlari b o ‘lgan a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h m a s i d a g i t o ‘yi ni sh h o l a t i -
dagi a m m i a k n i n g ko ns cn t ra ts iy asi 30 M P a b o s i m va h a r xil t e m p e
r a tu r a l a r u c h u n berilgan.
8.4-jadval
Dostları ilə paylaş: