reaksiya m u v o z a n a t i n i o ‘ng t o m o n g a , y a ’ni a m m i a k hosil boMishi
t o m o n g a siljitish u c h u n bo s i m qoMlash tavsiya etiladi. Hozirgi vaqtda,
a m a l i y o t d a a m m i a k n i s i n t e z qilish agregatlari q o ‘l la n ad ig an b os i mg a
q a r a b shar tl i r a vis hda u c h g u r u h g a b o ‘linadi: past b o s i m d a ( 1 0 —20
M P a ) , o ‘rt a ( 2 5 — 36 M P a ) va y u q o r i ( 4 5 — 100 M P a ) b o s i m d a
i shl aydi gan a g regat lar .
M D H dav la t l ar i k i m y o s a n o a t i k o r x o n a l a r i d a
a m m i a k sintezi,
a s o s a n , o ‘rt a b o s i m d a is hl ay d ig an a gr e g a t l ar da a m a l g a oshi riladi.
S h u l a r b il an bi rga b i r q a n c h a yu q or i b o s i m d a i shl aydi gan agr ega t la r
h a m q o ‘l l an ad i. D u n y o m i q y o s i d a h a m a s os a n , o ‘rta b o s i m d a i sh
l aydi gan q u r i l m a l a r ke n g t ar q a l g a n . Q o ‘l l a n a d i g a n b o s i m m i q d o r i -
d a n q a t ’iy n a z a r h a r bir ag re g a t t ar ki bi ga q u yi da gi j i h o z l a r kiradi:
s i n t e z m i n o r a s i , issiqlik a l m a s h t i r g i c h l a r , k o n d e n s a t s i o n m i n o r a ,
a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h m a s i d a n s uy u q a m m i a k n i aj rat ib olish u c h u n
s e p a r a t o r l a r va r eaks iyaga k i ri s h m a y q o lg an a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h
m as i n i y a n a q a y t a d a n a m m i a k si ntezi m i n o r a s i g a q a y t ar i b ber ish
u c h u n x i z m a t qi l ad i ga n si rkul at si ya k o m p r e s s o r i yoki injektorlar.
A m m i a k s i n t e z i a g r e g a t i n i n g asosi y a p p a r a t l a r i d a n biri — bu
a m m i a k s int ezi m i n o r a s i d i r . Bu a p p a r a t ikki q i s m d a n iborat:
1) k a t a l i z a t o r j o y l a s h t ir i l a d i ga n katali zator li q u t i c h a ;
2) kat al i za to r orqali o ‘tgan a z o t - v o d o r o d va katalizatorli q u t i c ha d a
hosil b o ‘l gan a m m i a k d a n i bor at g a z a r a l a s h m a s i ol ib k et a y o t g a n
a m m i a k s int ezi reaksiyasi issiqligi hi sobi ga si rkul at si ya g a z a r a l a s h
ma s ini a m m i a k s int ezi b o r a d i g a n t e m p e r a t u r a g a c h a
qi zdi ri b b e r u v -
chi issiqlik a l m a s h t i r g i c h d a n iborat.
K a t a l i z at o r q ut is ini ng k o ‘pg i na konst ruksi yal ar i da kat al i za to r q at -
l a m i d a issiqlik a l m as h t i r u v c h i q u v u r c h a l a r j oyl asht ir il ga n. Bu q u v u r -
c h a l a r y o r d a m i d a a m m i a k s i nt e z i j a r a y o n i issiqligi q u t i d a n sh u
m i q d o r d a olib chi q i b ketiladiki, qutidagi k at al iza t or opt ima l t e m p e r a -
t u r a g a ya q in s h a r o i t l a r d a ishlasin. Kerakli m i q d o r d a issiqlik a l m a s h
t i r gi c h y u z a n i n g b o ‘lishi a m m i a k s int ezi m i n o r a s i n i t a s h q a r i d a n
issiqlik olib k e l m a y ishlashini t a ’m i n l a m o q d a . Bu a p p a r a t l a r d a r e a k
si on issiqlik r e k u p e r a t s i y a qi li na di . A m m i a k s i n t e z m i n o r a l a r i n i n g
eng yangi k o n s t r u k s i y a l a r i d a reaksiya issiqligini n af a q a t si rkulat siya
g az ini n i s b a t a n kerakli t e m p e r a t u r a g a c h a qi zd i ri s h g a,
balki yuqor i
e n e r g e t i k o N c h a m l a r g a ega b o ‘lgan suv b u g ‘i yoki suv b u g ‘i ishlab
c h i q a r i s h u c h u n i s hl at il adiga n suvni isitib b e r is hg a h a m sarflanishi
t a ’mi nla na di . A m m i a k sintezi ketishi u c h u n a v v a la mb o r a z o t - v od o r o d
(si rkul at si ya) g az i n i q i z d i r i s h d a n t a s h q a r i, k a t a l i z a t o r n i h a m kerakli
t e m p e r a t u r a g a c h a qi zdi ri sh ker ak. B u n i n g u c h u n a m m i a k sintezi
m i n o r a s i n i n g i chi ga o ‘r n a ti l ga n e l e k t r isitgich yoki t as hq i gazli isit-
g i c h d a n foyda la ni l a di .
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A z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l as hma s id an hosil b o ‘lgan a m m i a k n i ajratib olish
u c h u n , y u q o r i d a aytib o ‘t ilganidek, kat al i za to r q ut i s i da n c h i q a y ot ga n
a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h m a s i n i sovitish kerak. B u n i n g u c h u n a m m i a k
sintezi eski q u r i l m a l a r i d a a y l a n m a suv va s u y u q a m m i a k q o ‘l la n a r
edi. Hoz ir gi z a m o n yangi q u r i l m a l a r i d a e s a b u m a q s a d l a r u c h u n
a t m o s f e r a havosi va s u y u q a m m i a k ishlat il adi.
R ea k s i y a g a k ir i sha o l m a y q o l g a n a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h m a s i n i
u n u m d o r l d i g i k u ni g a 1360 t a m m i a k i shl ab c h i q a r a d i g a n a g r e g a t j a-
rida a g r e g a t n i n g asosiy a p p a r a t i — s i n t e z m i n o r a s i g a q ay t a r i sh n i,
y a ’ni a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h m as i n i b u t u n a g r e g a t b o ‘ylab sirkulatsiya
qildir ishni a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h m a s i n i n g m a r k a z d a n q o c h m a k o m
p r e s s o r k o r p u s i i c h ig a o ‘r n a t i l g a n s i r k u l a t s i y a g ‘i ldir agi a m a l g a
oshiradi. Bu g ‘ildirak b os imni 3 M P a ga oshirish u c h u n x i zma t qiladi.
E n g ki ch ik a m m i a k sint ezi q u r i l m a l a r i d a esa b u m a q s a d l a r u c h u n
d a s t l a b k i v a q t l a r d a i s h l a t i l g a n p o r s h e n l i k o m p r e s s o r l a r o ‘r n i g a
m a r k a z d a n q o c h m a sirkulatsiya k o mp r e s so r la ri o ‘r natilgan. Porshenl i
k o m p r e s s o r l a r g a z a r a l a s h m a s i n i p o r s h e n b i l a n s i l i n d r o r a s i g a
s u rk a lu v c h i m o y b u g ‘lari b i lan ifl osl ant ir i shga olib keladi. U l a r d a n
gaz ni t o z a l a s h va p o r s h e n l i k o m p r e s s o r l a r n i e k sp l ua t a t s i ya
qilish va
t a ’mi r l as h ni sb at an k at t a s o nd a g i mu t a x a s s i s l a r ni t al ab etadi.
8. 9. M ARKAZ D AN Q O C H M A S I R K UL A T S IY A
K O M P R E S S O R L I A M M I A K S I N T E Z I
AG R EG A TI
T a r k i bi d a 86% azot va v o d or o d , 3 , 5 —4 , 0 % a m m i a k va 10— 10,5%
m e t a n h a m d a a r g o n d a n ibor at si rkul at si ya g a z la r i a r a l a s h m a s i 32
M P a b o s i m d a a m m i a k sint ezi m i n or a s i ( 2 ) ga ( 8 . 3 - r a s m ) yuboril adi.
U a p p a r a t d a 2 0 0 0 0 —2 5000 s o a t ' 1 h a j m i y t e z l i k d a va 723 К — 793 К
t e m p e r a t u r a d a a m m i a k hosil b o ‘ladi. T a r k i b i d a 7 3 , 5 —74% az ot va
v od o ro d, 15— 15,5% a m m i a k va 11 — 11,5% m e t a n va a r g o n d a n iborat
si rkulat siya gazlari a r a l a s h m a s i s i n t e z m i n o r a s i d a n 433 К — 443 К
d a c h i q a d i va suvli k o n d e n s a t o r ( / ) ga 298 К — 308 К g a c h a sovitish
u c h u n yub o ri l ad i . G a z a r a l a s h m a s i k o n d e n s a t o r ( / ) n i n g q uv ur l a -
r i d an o ‘tkazilib, u y e r d a s i nt ez m i n o r a s i ( 2 ) d a hosil b o ‘lgan a m
m i a k n i n g asosiy qismi k o n d e n s a t l a n i b , s e p a r a t o r ( 6 ) g a yubori ladi .
U a p p a r a t d a k o n d e n s a t l a n g a n ( y a ’ni, s u yu q l i k k a o ‘t ga n ) a m m i a k
ga z a r a l a s h m a s i d a n ajrat il adi va b u a m m i a k 1,6 M P a g a c h a dr ose l-
lanib, s u y u q a m m i a k t o ‘plagichi ( 7 )
ga quyi ladi , u y e r d a n esa «tank»
d e b a t a l a d i g a n i d i s h l a r d an ibor at a m m i a k o m b o r x o n a s i g a y u b o r i l a
di. S u y u q a m m i a k n i d r o s s e l l a m a s d a n avval y u q or i b o s i m d a fizik
e r ig an b ir qi sm gazlar:
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