t/kun
1420
1360
2
.
Markazdan qochm a
g ‘ildirakning itarishdagi
bosimi
M Pa
3 2 ,0
33,578
3.
Sintez minorasi ostidagi
sirkulatsion gaz miqdori
n m 3/ s o a t
770000
663000
4.
Sin tez minorasidagi
katalizator hajmi
m
3
43
45,4
5.
Hajmiy tezlik
s o a r
1
17900
14600
6
.
Minora korpusining
ichki diametri
m m
2400
2490
7.
Minora korpusi
balandligi (ichki issiqlik
almashtirgichisiz)
m
2 2 ,1 5
17,00
8
.
Sin tez minorasidan
chiqishdagi gazning
temperaturasi
К
606
7 5 3 - 7 6 9
9.
9.1.
9.2.
A m m ia k miqdori:
Kirishdagi
Chiqishdagi
%(h)
3,8 0
15,40
2,90
16,00
236
J a d v a ln in g d a vo m i
1
2
3
4
5
1 0
.
Sin tez minorasi oldida
sirkulatsiya gazi tarkibi
dagi inert gazlar
( C H
4
+ A r) miqdori
( h ) %
14,50
14,25
1 1
.
1
kunda
1
m ' katali-
zatordan olinadigan
a m m ia k miqdori
m
33
30
m 3- kun
1 2
.
A m m i a k sintezi
minorasining xili
B o‘g ‘izi siqilgan
tokchali (4
tokchali), kichik
issiqlik alm ash-
tirgichli katali
zator qutisi
ustiga joylash ti
rilgan, tashqi
katta issiqlik
almashtirgichi i
B o ‘g ‘izi siqil
gan tokchali
(3 tokchali),
ikkita tashqi
issiqlik al-
mashtirgichli
J a d v a l d a n k o ‘rinib t ur i bdi ki, 0 ‘z b e k i st o n R e s p u b l i k a s i d a ishla-
t i la di ga n A M - 7 6 r u su m l i a m m i a k n i s i n t e z qilish agregati ilg‘o r —
A Q S H « K e m i k o » f i r m a s i n i k i d a n a n c h a g i n a yu qo ri k o ‘r sa tki chl arga
egadir.
8 .6-jadval
H A R X I L B O S I M D A I S H L A Y D I G A N A M M I A K S I N T E Z I Q U R I L M A
L A R I N I N G T E X N I K - I Q T I S O D I Y K O ‘ R S A T K I C H L A R I
Qurilmadagi ishchi bosim, MPa
T /r
Ko'rsatkichlar
32
49
Inert ara-
lashma-
larsiz gaz
Inert
aralash-
mali gaz
Inert ara-
lashma-
larsiz gaz
Inert ara-
lashmali
gaz
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
.
Inert aralashmalar
miqdori, (h) %:
1
.
1
.
Y a n g ig a z d a
—
1.0
—
1.0
1
.
2
.
Sirkulatsiya gazida
—
1 0 . 0
—
1 0 , 0
2
.
1
t a m m ia k uchun
yangi gaz sarfi
2700
2850
2720
2750
237
J a d v a ln in g d a v o m i
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.
Hajmiy tezlik, s o a r
1
30000
25000
40000
50000
4.
A m m iakni konden-
satsiyalash te m pc-
raturasi, К
268
268
308
308
5.
U num dorlik, t
N H
3
/ m
3
katalizator
55
43
90
80
6
.
B ug
1
ishlab chiqarish
t/ t N H
3
0,3 0
0,70
0,80
0,7 5
7.
Suyuq am miak chiqi-
shi, % mahsuliy
am m ia k
60
40
1 0 0
1 0 0
Y u q o r i d a g i 8 . 6 - j a d v al da 32 va 49 M P a d a h a m d a o p t i m a l s h a r o
it larda i s h l ay o tg a n a m m i a k sintezi q u r i l m a l a r i n i n g t e x n i k k o ‘r sa t-
k i c h l a r i ke l t i r i l ga n . T a q q o s l a s h t a r k i b i d a i ne r t g a z l a r b o ‘l m a g a n
(suyuq a z o t d a y u v i l g an d an s o ‘ng o l i n g a n a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h m a )
va 1 (h)
%
g a c h a i nert gazlari b o ‘lgan ( m i s - a m m i a k l i t o z a l a s h d a n
s o ‘ng hosil qilingan a z o t - v o d o r o d a r al a s h ma ) ga z la r bil an ishlaydigan
q u r i l m a l a r u c h u n bajarilgan.
J a d v a l d a n k o ‘rinib t ur i b d ik i, bo si mi 49 M P a b o ‘lgan va t a r k i b i
d a 10 ( h) % i nert ga z la r b o r b o ‘lgan si rkulatsiya gazlari b il an i shlan-
g a n d a k a t a l i z a t o r n i n g u n u m d o r l i g i b o si m i 32 M P a b o ‘lgan va s i r k u
latsiya gazi t a r k i b i da x ud di s h u n d a y m i q d o r d a i nert gazlari b o ‘lgan
sirkulatsiya gazlari bilan ishlaydigan q ur i l m a g a q a r a g a n d a 1,85 m a r t a
yu qo ri va b u n d a 1 t a m m i a k ishl ab c h i q a r i s h u c h u n a z o t - v o d o r o d
sarfi, a k s i n c h a , 100 m 3 ga q i sq ar ga n b o ‘lar e k a n .
8. 14. SI NTETI K AMMI AK I SHLAB C H I Q AR I S H JARAYONINI
B O S H Q A R I S H VA AVTOMATLAS HTI RI SH
Sint eti k a m m i a k ishlab ch i qa r ish j a r a y o n i n i n g samar ador l igi avva-
l a m b o r q o ‘l l an a y o tg a n k a t a l i z a t o r n i n g aktivligi va s i nt ez m i n o r a s i
ni ng k at al iza tor li q i smi da gi t e m p e r a t u r a re ji mi ga b o g ‘liq. S h u bilan
birga katalizatorli qi smidagi bu j a r a yo n ga b o si m , sirkulatsiya gazini ng
t arkibi va h a j m i y tezligi kabi o m i l l a r t a ’sir e t a d i . S h u n i n g u c h u n
h a m s i n t e t i k a m m i a k i shl ab c h i q a r i s h n i q uv va t i a m m i a k b o ‘y i c ha
kuniga 1360 t o n n a n i tashkil e tuvc hi , e n e r g o t ex n o l og i k tizim b o ‘yi cha
i s hl aydi ga n, e n g yuqor i d a r a j a d a a v t o m a t l a s h t i r i l g a n hozirgi z a m o n
q u r i l m a l a r i d a a m a l g a os hi ri sh m a q s a d g a muv of i q .
238
Hozirgi d a v r d a yar at ilgan, ishlab c hi qar ishni a v t om at i k boshqar ish
t i zi mi ( 1 C H A B T ) g a m u v o f i q ishlab c h i q a r i s h n i n g b a r c h a b o s q i c h -
larini, s h u j u m l a d a n , a m m i a k sintezi b o s q i c h i n i h a m , b o s h qa r is h
m a r k a z i y p u n k t i — B M P or qa li b o s h q ar i l a d i . Agr e ga t ni ishga t us hi -
rish, u n i n g ishini b o s h q a r i s h va t o ‘xt at ish B M P or qa li a m a l g a o s h i
riladi. B M P d a j a r a y o n n i e n g z a ru ri y p a r a m e t r l a r i n i q a yd q il adi gan
a s b o b l a r o ‘r n a t i l g a n d i r. Bir q a t o r t ex n o l og i k k o ‘r s a t k i c h a r M - 6 0 0 0
r u su ml i b o s h q a r u v c h i h i s o b l a s h m a s h i n a s i y o r d a m i d a davr iy t a r z d a
q a y d et il adi . T e x n o l o g i k j a r a y o n g a t a ’sir e t u v c h i b a r c h a m o d d i y
o q i m l a r d a sarflar, t e m p e r a t u r a l a r , b os imla r , yuza sathlari va h o k a z o -
larni b er il ga n m i q d o r d a ushl ab tur i shni t a ’m i n lo v c h i a v t o m a t i k regu-
l a t o r l a r o ‘r n a t i l g a n . B M P dagi o p e r a t o r m a ’l u m bi r m a s o f a d a n turib
b o s h q a r i l a d i g a n h a r q a n d a y p a r a m e t r n i o ‘zga r t ir i shi m u m k i n . Esda
s aql ab q o l u v ch i t i z i m va yorugMik t abl o y o r d a m i d a p a r a m e t r l a r n i
b er il ga n t o p s h i r i q l a r d a n o ‘zgarishlari k o ‘rsatiladi; bu esa o p e r a t o r g a
t egishli q a r o r l a r q a b u l qilishga i m k o n ber adi .
A m m i a k s int ezi a g r e g a t i ni m u t a h k a m l i g i n i t a ’m i n l a s h u c h u n bir
q a n c h a b l o k i r o v k a va f a l o k a t d a n s aq l an is h t i zi ml ar i bor. M a s a l a n ,
e l e k t r e n e r g i y a o ‘c h i b q o l g a n t a q d i r d a b e r k i t u v c h i — b o s h q a r u v c h i
k l a p a n l a r b u n i n g ol di ni ol ishga q a r at i lg a n h o l a t g a a v t o m a t i k t ar z da
o ‘tkaziladi.
A m m i a k n i s i n t e z j a r a y o n i n i a v t o m a t i k t a r z d a b o s h q a r i s h n i n g
m u h i m uzell ari 8 . 6 - r a s m d a k o ' r s a t il g an . A m m i a k sintezi j a r a y o n i d a
a l o h i d a a h a m i y a t g a ega b o ‘lgan t e x n o l o g i k o m i l l a r d a n biri — bu
b o s i m d i r . D a s t l a b , y a ’ni s in t e z j a r a y o n i d a q o ‘l l an i ay o t g an k at a l i za
t o r yu q or i a k ti v l i k k a ega b o ‘l ga n d a a z o t - v o d o r o d l i a r a l a s h m a loyi-
h a d a k o ‘rsa ti lgan b o s i m d a n past b o s i m d a a m m i a k k a q a yt a i s hl ana-
di. Ka ta li za t or ni ng aktivligi pasaygan sari j a r a y o n n i n g bosimi loyihada
k o ‘rsatilgan m i q d o r g a q a d a r oshi riladi va k e y i nc h a l i k a m m i a k sintezi
m i n o r a s i n i n g u n u m d o r l i g i sh u b o s i m d a k a m a y i b bo r a ve r a di .
Ya ngi a z o t - v o d o r o d g a z i n i n g t ar ki bi va u n i n g 1 t o n n a a m m i a k
ishlab c h i q a r i s h u c h u n ke r ak b o ‘lgan m i q d o r i a m m i a k sintezi a gr e-
g a t i d a n o l d i n d a g i a g r e ga t l a r — t abiiy gaz t ark ib i d a g i m e t a n va ugle-
v o d o r o d l a r h a m d a u g l e r o d m o n o o k s i d i n i suv b u g ‘i b i l an ko n ve r si-
yalash; hosil b o ‘lgan k o n v er t i r l a n g a n g az ni h a r xil a r a l a s h m a l a r d a n
t o za l a s h a g r e g a t l a r i n i ng ishl ashl ari ga b o g ‘liqdir.
Boshqar i li shi l oz i m b o ‘lgan asosiy o m i l l a r d a n y a n a biri bu —
s i n t e z m i n o r a s i n i n g kat al iza tor l i q u ti s id a e n g q u l a y t e m p e r a t u r a n i
u s h l a b t ur i s hd i r . B u n i n g u c h u n sirkulatsiyali a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h
m a s i n i n g baypa sl i o q i m i g a o ‘r n a ti l ga n R, r egulator! — sozl agichi
o r q a l i a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l a s h m a s i n i n g a m m i a k s int ezi m i n o r a s i g a
kirishdagi t e m p e r a t u r a s i 458 К — 463 К a t ro fid a bar qarorl asht iriladi.
239
R 2, R-,1, R 3, R 4 va
R.
s oz l agi chla ri s i n t e z m i n o r a s i kat al iza t or l i
qu ti d a g i k a t a l i z a t o r n i t o ‘r t ta q a t l a m i n i n g h a r b i r i g a a l o h i d a - a l o h i d a
kiri shdagi t e m p e r a t u r a n i e n g q u l a y d a r a j a d a u s h l ab t ur a di la r .
A m m i a k sintezi a gr e ga t i n i ng ( 8 . 6 - r a s m ) s e p a r a t o r i
( 6) ,
k o n d e n
sat si on m i n o r a s i
( 8)
va b u g ‘l agi ch
( 9)
ni ng q u v u r l a r a r o fazosi dagi
su y u q a m m i a k n i n g s at hi R 6 regulator! orqali a v t o m a t i k t a r z d a b e r i l
gan s a t h d a u s hl ab t uriladi. Bu y e r d a r e g u l a t o r R6 b u g ‘l atgich ( 9 ) ga
b er i l a d i ga n s uy u q a m m i a k n i n g q uv ur i g a o ‘r n a t i l g a n va bu r e g u la t o r
b u g ‘lat gich
( 9)
d a n c h i q a y o t g a n s i r ku l a t s i on g a z t e m p e r a t u r a s i g a
qar ab, s e p a r a t o r 6 h a m d a k on d en s a t si o n m i n o r a
( 8)
d a n c h i q ay o tg a n
s uyuq a m m i a k q uvur i ga o ‘rna ti lgan R s va R ? r e gul a t or l ar i y o r d a m i d a
bi r- bi ri ga b o g ‘liq r a vi s hda b o sh q a r il a d i . S e p a r a t o r ( 6 ) va k o n d e n
sa t s i on m i n o r a
( 8)
n in g s i rkul at si on gaz ni s u y u q a m m i a k d a n ajra-
t ad i ga n q is mi b o ‘shat il gan h o l d a yu qo ri b o s i m d a g i s i rk u la t s i on gaz
s uy u q a m m i a k yi g' gi chi (
10)
g a va bu yu qo r i b o s i m g a m o ‘ljallan-
m a g a n a m m i a k l i quvurli a l o q a y o ‘llariga o ‘t ib keti b qoli shi m u m
kin, s h u n i n g u c h u n s uy u q a m m i a k s a t h i n i n g m i n i m u m d a n avvalgi
va m i n i m u m h ol at l ar i g a e r i s h i l g a n d a m o s r a v i s h d a o d d i y va falo-
katli h o l a t n i belgilovchi signalizatsiya k o ‘zd a t utilgan. S hu bilan birga
bu a p p a r a t l a r d a s uy u q a m m i a k sat hi m i n i m u m g a y e t g a n d a ishlab
ke t ad i ga n m u h o f a z a blokirovkasi h a m b o r b o ‘lib, u s uy u q a m m i a k n i
a p p a r a t l a r d a n c h i q i s h q u v u r l a r i d a o ‘r n a t i l g a n t o ‘s i ql ar ni yurgizi b
yu bo ra di .
S e p a r a t o r
( 6)
yoki k o n d e n s a t s i o n m i n o r a
( 8)
d a s uy u q a m m i a k
ni sathi m a k s i m u m g a y e t g a n d a yu q or i b o s i m l i g az q u v u r i g a s uy u q
a m m i a k n i o ‘tib ketishi nat ij asi da hosil b o ' l u v c h i gi dravlik za rb an i
y o ' q o t i s h u c h u n suyuq a m m i a k n i eht iyot quvuri orqali tushi rib y ub o-
rish k o ‘z d a t ut il gan; b u n i n g u c h u n esa bu q u v u r d a g i t o ‘si qlar o c h i b
yuboriladi. Bu uzellarni b o s h q a r i s h d a k at t a m u s t a h k a m l i k k a er ishish
u c h u n i k ki t a d a n m a ’l u m o t u z a t g i c h va i k k i t a d a n b o s h q a r a d i g a n va
t o ‘sib q o ‘y a d i g a n q o p q o q l a r o ‘r natiladi.
A z o t- v o do ro dl i k ompr es sor ga s uyuq a m m i a k t ushi b qolgan t a q d i r
da k o m p r e s s o r n i n g s i rkul at si on gMldiragi ( 7 ) ni boMishi m u m k i n
b o ‘lgan gidravlik z a rb a d a n saqlash u c h u n h i m o y a blokirovkasi o ‘rna -
tilgan va u s e p a r a t o r
( 6)
a m m i a k k a t o ‘lib k e t g a n d a h a r a k a t g a kelib,
k o m p r e s s o r ( 7 ) t o ‘xtatiladi.
S u y u q a m m i a k yi g‘g i c h i d a n o m b o r x o n a g a a m m i a k n i ber ib t u
rishni o ‘zga rt iri b t u r a d i g a n R9 r e gula t or i y o r d a m i d a s uy u q a m m i a k
sathi b o s hq a r i l a d i , r e g u la t o r R n b i lan esa a m m i a k n i u s h l ab q o l u v
chi a p p a r a t l a r g a y u b o r i l ay o t g an t a n k gazlari q u v ur i d ag i b o s i m b o s h
qariladi. Y i g ‘gi ch
( 10)
ni s u y u q a m m i a k b i l a n t o s h i b ketishini o l
dini olish u c h u n yi g‘gi ch da g i s uy u q a m m i a k s a t h i m a k s i m a l s at hga
240
y e t g a c h R 1() r e g u l a t o r i s u y u q a m m i a k n i o m b o r n i n g falokatli h o l a t -
larga m o ‘l ja l la ng a n sa q l a g ic hi ga yub o ra di .
P u fl a n uv ch i ( 8 . 7 - r a s m ) va t a n k ga z la ri da n a m m i a k n i ajratib olish-
d a k o n d e n s a t s i o n m i n o r a ( / ) , s e p a r a t o r
{4)
va bugMat gi chl ar ( 2 ) ,
( J ) l a r d a s u y u q a m m i a k sat hi ni b o s h qa r is h h a m d a h i m o y a b lo ki -
r o v k a l a r va si gn al i za t si y a asosiy agr egat ( 8 . 6 - r a s m ) y u q o r i d a b a y o n
q i l i n g a n g a o ‘xs has hdi r.
S i r k u l a t s i o n g a z t a r k i b i d a i n e r t g a z l a r a r a l a s h m a s i n i ist al gan
k o n s e n t ra t s i y a d a ushl ab turish u c h u n k o n d e n s a t s i o n m i n o r a d a n s o ‘ng
p u fl o vc h i g a z l a r q u v u r i d a gaz sarfini b o s h q a r a d i g a n r e g u l a t o r R p
o ‘rnati lgan.
Ya ngi a z o t - v o d o r o d gazi t ar ki bi dagi v o d o r o d , u g l e r o d m o n o o k
sidi va ugl er od dioksidi b e t o ‘xtov ga z oa n a l iz a to rla r y o r d a m i d a naz orat
qilib bori ladi . A m m i a k sintezi mi nor a s i ( 2 ) ( 8 . 6- r a s m) o l d i d an s i rk u
l at si o n g a z t ar k i b i d a g i v o d o r o d , a m m i a k , m e t a n va a r g o n s i nt ez
m i n or a s i ( 2 ) d a n keyingi s irkulatsion g a z t ar ki bi da esa, faqat a m m i a k
n a z o r a t etib t uriladi . X u d d i s h u n d a y b e t o ‘xtov t a r z d a si nt ez mi norasi
( 2 ) va suv isitgich ( J ) lardagi b o s i m n i pas ayis hi n a z o r a t qilinadi.
A g a r d a b o s i m 1,9 M P a g a t u s hi b qolsa, g a r c h a n d bu b o s i m ruxsat
etilgan m i n i m a l b o s i m d a n b ir o z yuqori b o ‘lsa h a m , d a r h o l bu h a q d a
signal be r il a d i va k o m p r e s s o r ( 7 ) t o ‘xtatiladi.
Tahlili y n a z o r a t y o ‘li bilan bugMatgich ( 9 ) d a n keyingi gaz holidagi
a m m i a k t a r k i bi da gi v o d o r o d va suv isitgich ( J ) d a n keyingi suvdagi
a m m i a k n i n g y o ‘qligi ani ql ana di. Bu esa bugMatgich ( 9 ) va suv isitgich
( J ) lardagi y u q o r i bosi mli s i rkul at si on g az q u v u r l a r i d a t eshik y o ‘qli-
gini t as di ql aydi .
Ishga t u s hi ruvc hi gazli isitgich ( / ) dagi y o nd ir gi ch d a alanga o ‘chi b
qol sa yoki isitgich i chi dagi i l o n s i m o n q u v u r l a r d ev or i t e m p e r a t u r a s i
r uxsat e t i l g a n d a n o s hi b ket sa, tegishli signal ber il adi. A g a r d a a m m i
ak si ntezi m i n o r a s i ( 2 ) ni ng t as hq i qobigM t e m p e r a t u r a s i r uxsat etil-
g a n i d a n o r t i b k et g an t a q d i r d a h a m tegishli signal beriladi.
Dostları ilə paylaş: |