Iot based Intelligent Greenhouse Monitoring and Control System Zaidon Faisal Shenan Ali Fadhil Marhoon Abbas A. Jasim Electrical Engineering Department

a) Temperature Control System: 
The fuzzy controller manages the whole process, to 
ensure the best performance and stability for the control 
system. This fuzzy controller is designed to accept two 
inputs; error (Err) and change in error (∆Err). The (Err) is 
generated from the difference between the set-point and the 
actual temperature. While the change of error (∆Err), is the 
difference between the current Err and the previous Err. The 
Err and ∆Err both have 5 triangle membership functions 
(NB, NS, Z, PS, PB). And the universe of discourse for Err 
is (-10 ~ 10) and for ∆Err is (-5 ~ 5). The fuzzy output is the 
(PWM), that has 5 triangle membership functions (HC, LC, 
Z, LH, HH). The universe of discourse is (-255 ~ 255). The 
concluded fuzzy output is produced according to its inputs. 
When the output is negative, this means cooling is required, 
otherwise heating is required. The prescribed feature help 
the system to give suitable polarity which should give the 
required action (cooling or heating), and the output 
represents the PWM that control the amount of current 
should pass to the Peltier. Fig. 8 shows the flowchart of the 
cooling/heating system. 
Sprinklers 
Soil Moisture 
sensor 
Tank 
Pump 

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 ةيسدنهلا مولعلل ةرصبلا ةلجم
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دلجم
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ددعلا ،
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2017
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Fig. 8 Flow operation of The Cooling/Heating System. 
 
b) Irrigation Control System: 
The aim of the Irrigation control system is to stabilize 
the humidity of the soil in an efficient way. The hardware 
managed by the fuzzy controller that has two inputs (Err and 
∆Err). Both the Err and ∆Err have 5 triangle membership 
functions (NB, NS, Z, PS, PB). The universe of discourse 
for both Err and ∆Err is (-5 ~ 5) and (-2 ~ 2) respectively. 
The output is (PWM) also represented with 5 membership 
functions (VL, L, M, H, VH), and the universe of discourse 
is (0 ~ 255).
At the moment that the fuzzy controller produce value 
less than 150 V as Pulse Width Modulate (PWM) , Motor 
Driver (L298) would apply voltage that couldn’t operate the 
Motor (Pump) in appropriate manner to push water. In order 
to solve that, this problem should be taken in consideration 
when designing the fuzzy controllers. The fuzzy controllers 
will produce PWM that equal to 150 or less if the desired 
water level in soil has been satisfied.
The flow operation of the irrigation control system is 
illustrated in Fig. 9. 

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Basrah Journal for Engineering Sciences, vol. 17, no. 1, 2017 65 
Fig. 9 Flow operation of Irrigation control system. 
 
c) Light Control System: 
The aim of the Light control system is to establish the 
intended brightness in a specific range, which helps the 
plants in the photosynthesis. The Fuzzy controller is 
managing the entire process in order to get the best 
performance, high efficiency, and stable system. The Fuzzy 
controller has two inputs (Err and ∆Err), the Err and ∆Err 
both have 5 triangle membership functions (VL, L, M, D, 
VD) and (NB, NS, Z, PS, PB) respectively. The universe of 
discourses for both the Err and ∆Err is (-1023 ~ 1023) and (-
200 ~ 200) respectively, while the output has 3 membership 
functions (L, M, H) and the universe of discourse is (0 ~ 
255). This output represents the PWM signal to drive the 
LED Board to obtain the required illumination. Fig. 10 
shows the flow operation of the light control system. 

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 ةيسدنهلا مولعلل ةرصبلا ةلجم
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دلجم
17
ددعلا ،
1
،
2017
66
Fig. 10 The flow operation of the Light control system. 
C. The IoT Structure: 
In recent years, a large number of IoT interest papers 
have been published. IoT acts as the main role in technology 
development. The IoT introduces numerous facilities in any 
field that may use it. This paper focusing on using IoT in the 
greenhouse as previously explained, the proposed 
greenhouse had three intelligent systems. The function of 
IoT in this work gives the pleasant the ability to monitor and 
control their greenhouses remotely. 
To make the work of IoT easy to understand, Fig. 11 
provide an imagination about how the IoT work in upload 
and download data and deliver it to the control systems. 

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Basrah Journal for Engineering Sciences, vol. 17, no. 1, 2017 67 
Fig. 11 The upload and download data operation. 
To achieve the IoT system that could perform the 
functions that has been illustrated in Fig. 11, there are some 
programs and techniques should be employed: 
a) Design a web application: 
The First step was designing a web page to display the 
information for the user. The web page should be easy to 
use, attractive, and has a simple HTML code in order to 
speed up the execution of functions of the web page. 
The designed web application is important to be secured 
with Username and password for each user. Also, the 
permissions of each member are different, a part of 
members are authorized to access, monitor, and control the 
systems as shown in Fig. 12. 
While the other part has the ability to access and monitor 
the state of the systems as shown in Fig. 13. 
a) The cloud technology: 
The real problem faced in this project as especial case 
and in IoT as general case is centered on the public Internet 
address (IP). This is a big problem facing the developers of 
IoT. However, there are several solutions; one of them is the 
use of cloud technology. 
Fig. 12 The web application: control and monitor. 
Fig. 13 The web page: monitor. 
There are several companies offer to the developers a 
space on their servers and give them a domain name. This 
domain name gives the ability to the developers to access 
their server from anywhere in the world. In this work, the 
000webhost is selected, in which the website code and 
additional files of PHP and MySQL are uploaded by 
Filezilla program to a 000webhost server. 
b) Local communications of nodes: 
In order to make several nodes capable to connect to 
internet and download the set-points and upload their system 
status, the master-slave technique could be used. The master 
would be defined as node that has the ability to connect to 
the public internet by the Ethernet to download/upload the 
nodes data. Also, the master node communicate locally with 
others node by using the RF Transmitter. While, the slave 
node is only communicate with slave node to send their 
status and receive the set-point that specified for its control 
system.
c) Remotely Management and Monitor the system’s status: 
In this article, attempt to construct a prototype IoT, using 
simple, cheap, and available tools. To apply the IoT in a 
practical application, there are many tools should be 
employed like Ethernet Arduino Shield and Arduino 
microcontroller. 
The Ethernet plays as the main tool which makes a 
connection between the greenhouse and the router that acts 
as a gateway. The first step was programming the 
microcontroller to make a link between the greenhouse and 
the server, to be more accurate with the PHP files that 
should be resided on the server. The PHP file function 
fetches the data send through the link from the greenhouse 
and store it in MySQL table. The link established by HTTP 
request, which is issued by the microcontrollers. 
The download data is accomplished by multiple HTTP 
requests from the greenhouse to the server. The response of 
the server has returned the code to the source 
(microcontroller) of the request. The microcontroller will 
receive the server’s response and store it in buffers, then 
start to looking for the intended parameters that used for 
managing. In this project is considered as set-points whose 
utilize to drive the intelligent control systems that explained 
previously.
The last feature in this IoT system is the utilization of 
the IP camera to offer an online monitoring for the 
greenhouses, there is an icon in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 referred 
to the camera which enables the pleasant to watch their 
plants online. 
The problem faced the developers is the dynamic IP that 
changes every time after the router reboot. In order to solve 
that, NO-IP website could be used to obtain a dynamic 
domain name. This domain name should be set-up in the