Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs International Energy Agency Eurostat European Environment Agency

(d) Alternative Definitions/Indicators: The ratio of sectoral or sub-sectoral energy 
use to the output or activity of the sector or sub-sector provides a detailed indication 
of energy intensity. 
ASSESSMENT OF DATA 
(a) Data Needed to Compile the Indicator: Energy use in terms of TPES, TFC and 
electricity use, and real GDP in US dollars or national currency at PPP for 
corresponding years and for a base year. 
(b) National and International Data Availability and Sources: The International 
Energy Agency (IEA) and Eurostat maintain the most comprehensive sets of energy 
balances and energy accounts, based primarily on national data or data collected from 
reliable regional agencies and statistical offices. GDP data are primarily available in 
national accounts. 
GDP and value added by industry are published by international organizations. The 
International Financial Statistics of the International Monetary Fund provide nominal 
and real GDP for most countries. Data on components of GDP are often available 
from regional development banks or national sources. 

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Regional data are available from regional organizations such as the Asia Pacific 
Energy Research Centre (APERC) and the Organización Latinoamericana de Energía 
(OLADE). 
REFERENCES 
• EEA, 2002. Energy and Environment in the European Union. Environmental 
issue report no 31. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Environment Agency. 
• Eurostat, various editions. Energy Balance Sheets. Luxembourg: Eurostat. 
• Eurostat, various editions. Yearly Energy Statistics. Luxembourg: Eurostat. 
• IEA, 2004. Oil Crises and Climate Challenges: 30 Years of Energy Use in IEA 
Countries. Paris, France: International Energy Agency. 
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries. Paris, 
France: International Energy Agency. 
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of OECD Countries. Paris, France: 
International Energy Agency. 
• IEA/OECD/Eurostat, 2004. Energy Statistical Manual. Paris, France: 
International Energy Agency. 
• IMF, various editions. International Financial Statistics. Published monthly. 
Washington DC, USA: International Monetary Fund. 
• UNSD. National Accounts Statistics. New York, NY, USA: United Nations 
Statistics Division. 
• World Bank, 2000–2001. World Development Indicators. Washington DC, 
USA: World Bank.