Okazaki fragments .
TEach of the Okazaki fragments needs an RNA primer to kick off the synthesis. The
lagging strand is the one
that contains the Okazaki fragments. A
DNA ligase enzyme fills the spaces between the DNA fragments as
synthesis progresses by removing the RNA primer and replacing it with DNA nucleotides.
The process of DNA replication can be summarized as follows:
1. DNA unwinds at the origin of replication.
2. The complementary parental strands receive new bases. While the other strand is created piecemeal, one new
strand is created continuously.
3. Primer removal, replacement with new DNA nucleotides, and DNA ligase sealing of the backbone occur.
Figure 41. A replication fork is formed by the opening of the origin of replication, and helicase
separates the DNA strands. An RNA primer is synthesized and is elongated by the DNA polymerase. On the
leading strand, DNA is synthesized continuously, whereas on the lagging strand, DNA is synthesized in short
stretches. The DNA fragments are joined by DNA ligase.
DNA Replication in Prokaryotes Keep in mind that unlike eukaryotic chromosomes, prokaryotic chromosomes are circular molecules
with a limited amount of coiling. The eukaryotic chromosome is highly coiled around proteins and is linear in
shape. The DNA replication process in these two life forms differs from one another despite the fact that there
are many similarities between it. This is because of the structural differences between them.
DNA replication has been extremely well-studied in prokaryotes, primarily because of the small size
of the genome and large number of variants available.
Escherichia coli has 4.6 million base pairs in a single
circular chromosome, and all of it gets replicated in approximately 42 minutes, starting from a single origin of
replication and proceeding around the chromosome in both directions. As a result, roughly 1000 nucleotides
are added every second. When compared to eukaryotes, the process is much faster
27
.