The Continent as Object of Knowledge
177
Indeed, Shigenori’s allusions to Bai’s writings play on this distance.
To return to the narrator’s journey, he travels across a sea that is “vast”
(
manman to shite
), moving through the “banks of clouds” (
kumo no nami
)
and “billowing waves” (
kemuri no nami
), a trip that unfolds in the lan-
guage of Bai’s
Hai manman
海漫漫
(Vast Is the Sea) ballad. The opening
lines of the latter read:
海漫漫,
Vast
is the sea,
直下無底旁無邊。
Its
floor without fathom, its reaches without end.
雲濤煙浪最深處,
In the depths of its banks of clouds and billowing
waves,
人傳中有三神山。
Legend has it there are three divine mountains.
116
Admittedly, the poem Shigenori draws on here is not a joyous one, and
its futile journey is not a cause for celebration. Shigenori stops short of
citing more explicitly unhappy lines, but were this the only work he cited,
it would be hard to read any hope in his preface. However, the lines that
immediately follow complicate this somewhat. When the narrator speaks
of the “boundless” (
byōbyōtari
) “thousand-league” (
senri no
) view from a
“solitary sailboat” (
kohan
), it suggests a work by the famous early medi-
eval recluse Tao Yuanming (365–427),
Shi zuo zhenjun canjun jing Qua
zuo
始作鎭軍參軍經曲阿作
(Composed
upon Passing Through Qua,
Having Been Named General), which enables a less pessimistic reading.
On the one hand, Tao’s poem, which is written from the perspective of
Liu Yu (363–422), is an unambiguous expression of reluctant service to a
cause beyond one’s control and a desire to return home. On the other
hand, its subject is the eventual founder of the Liu-Song dynasty (420–
79), and although the current journey is a hardship, all ends well. This
does not make the speaker’s longing for home less affecting, but it does
allow a reading of travel as a necessary evil en route to eventual success.
The lines,
from the middle of the poem, are:
Prince Munetaka (and the growing power of the shogunate) complicate Stockdale’s
reading of exile as being in part about access to the center. Perhaps it can be said that
Shigenori’s narrator is being distanced from an old world order.
116. Okamura,
Hakushi monjū
, 1:557–58. For the entire poem and an annotation,
see ibid., 1:557–62.
178
Containing China
眇眇孤舟逝
Boundlessly
journeys the solitary boat,
綿綿歸思紆
Continuously binds my desire to return home.
我行豈不遙
How could my journey
be other than distant
登降千里余
When I have scaled and
descended over a thousand
leagues?
117
When Shigenori’s narrator frames his journey in similar terms, it can be
read not only as a complaint about isolation and distance, but also as an
expression of the hope that, like Liu Yu, the narrator will emerge trium-
phant. Invoking this particular poem lets Shigenori incorporate both the
reimagining of Liu Yu (a reluctant but capable general and eventual em-
peror) and the figure of the well-known reclusive poet, Tao: Shigenori may
be in a sort of enforced reclusion as a result of his skill, but with luck, it
will be temporary.
This is the imagery that brings Shigenori’s narrator to Anrakuji, where
he takes up the language of Michizane, as noted above. Before he turns
to the Chinese monks and the contents of his
Mirror
, however, the nar-
rator’s thoughts once more are framed in language evocative of Bai: the
narrator’s allusion to the landscape of “the lake by night at Wuzi Temple”
(
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