14.3 THEORIES OF SPAN OF CONTROL
(A) Hamilton’s Theory
Perhaps the first person to bring the principles of span of control to public attention was a soldier - the
late
General Sir Ian Humilton
.
The following statement of his, although
it reflects his military
association, has great application to any other type organisation -
The average human brain finds its effective scope in handling from three to six other brains. If a man
divides the whole of his into two branches and delegates his possibility, freely and properly, to two
experienced heads of branches he will not have enough to do. The occasions when they would refer
to him would be too few to keep him fully occupied. If he delegates to three heads he will be kept fairly
busy whilst six heads of branches will give most bosses a ten hours day. Those data are the results
of centuries of the experience of soldiers, which are greater, where organisation is in question, than
those of politicians, businessmen or any other class of men.
Of all the ways of waste there is none so vicious as that of your clever politician trying to run a
business concern without having any notion of self-organisation. One of them who took over munitions
for a time had so little idea of organising his own every that he nearly died of overwork through
holding up the work of others; i.e., by delegating responsibility coupled with direct access to himself
to seven sub-chiefs! Now it will be understood why a Baltalion has four companies (and not seventeen):
why a Brigade has three or four battalions (and not seventeen)
The nearer we approach the supreme head of the whole organisation, the more we ought to work
towards groups of six.
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