Devices and structure of the system
The structure of the whole system consists of electronic, electrical, and
mechanical components.
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1. The motors are used to make conveyors work.
2. Conveyor belts are used as transportation means to move objects
from one place to another.
3. Switches and sensors, in our case we use photoelectric and
capacitive ones, collect data which is coming from the boxes located
on a conveyor belt and are called input devices. The main purpose
of a photoelectric sensor is to count objects and to detect the
absence or presence of objects by sending infrared light, while a
capacitive sensor which acts like a simple capacitor produces an
electrostatic field and detects the objects.
4. Actuators are a part of output devices, the first application of which
is to convert an electrical signal to mechanical movement.
Fig.1.
Function block
5. PLC, which stands for Programmable Logic Controller, is the brain
of the whole system and shows logical actions according to the data
gathered from sensors and makes decisions.
6. To monitor system operation and alert an operator in case of any
unexpected condition, indicators can be utilized.
Working algorithm
The packaging system is powered by two perpendicularly positioned
conveyors. One of them is under the responsibility of carrying the empty
boxes (Conveyor 1), while the other is for delivering the objects that will be
used to fill the boxes (Conveyor2). The items must come from up to down,
hence the second conveyor belt must be placed above the first.
When the toggle switch is turned on, the system begins by moving
Conveyor 1, which carries and transports the empty boxes, using a DC
motor. A capacitive sensor is installed in the box-carrying conveyor so that it
can detect the box when it is below the goods-carrying second conveyor.
Conveyor 1 is stopped after the box is in the desired location. When
Conveyor 1 is paused, the information is passed to the PLC, which starts the
work turn of Conveyor 2 above. Items fall to the box as Conveyor 2 is moving.
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