THE 3 rd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES OF STUDENTS AND YOUNG RESEARCHERS dedicated to the 99
th
anniversary of the National Leader of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev
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REVIEW OF ADVANCES IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING MICROORGANISMS Fidan Gadimaliyeva Baku Higher Oil School Baku, Azerbaijan fidan.gadimaliyeva.std@bhos.edu.az Supervisor: Rima Guliyeva Keywords: industrial wastewater, heavy metals, biological treatment, bacteria,
biosorption, key parameters
Advances in various industrial sectors bring certain disadvantages with
itself and disposal of waste effluents into nature is one of them which gets
even more detrimental when it is not properly treated. Due to their toxicity,
treatment of heavy-metal-contaminated wastewater has been main subject
for industries, authorities, and society for more than 30 years. This paper
describes different wastewater treatment techniques giving comparisons in
terms of cost, energy requirement, ease of maintenance and construction
etc., stating that biological treatment is promising method for the future where
usage of different microorganisms for the biosorption of heavy metals is
attained. Bacterial biosorption is explained in more detail, elaborating various
biomass both living and non-living strains of bacteria species such as
Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Eschericia, Klebsiella, Micrococcus etc. for the
removal of nickel, cadmium, zinc, lead, copper, iron and manganese. A
number of studies are investigated to determine the impacts of operating
conditions on the biosorption efficiency of bacteria, such as biosorbent dose,
pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration and contact time.
Consequently, all of the obtained results are tabulated presenting future
research prospects that should be paid more attention in order to improve
biosorption of contaminants from wastewater and implement in pilot and
large-scale project as it is more efficient, environmentally friendly and cost-
effective process compared to conventional techniques.
In industry, water has wide range of applications, including production,
heat exchange facilities or as a transporting agent of raw and waste material.
The amount of water converted into wastewater is more than the one present
in product after the processing of water which is lost due to evaporation
throughout the process
[1,2] . The industrial wastewater can be classified as
cooling water and process water, with the latter being more problematic as it
has toxic contents. There are two types of industrial wastewater, namely,
organic and inorganic wastewater, and each has a variety of contaminants
as they are produced in different industrial sectors. Inorganic wastewater
mainly comes from industries processing minerals, surface coating and