THE 3
rd
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES OF STUDENTS AND YOUNG RESEARCHERS
dedicated to the 99
th
anniversary of the National Leader of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev
329
the growth of microorganisms like algae which brings about undermining of
the food chain of the mentioned creatures. Surfactant toxicity is transmitted
to most animals by skin penetration and feeding. In addition to having a
significant negative influence on marine life, CO2 gas, the principal cause of
global climate change, is produced in large quantities each year during the
manufacturing of petroleum-based surfactants (Yuan 2014).
The manufacture of bio-surfactants using waste cooking oil (WCO) is
proposed as a solution to the aforementioned issues.
Green surfactants
(driven from biomaterials) are excellent substitutes to petroleum-based ones,
offering several benefits such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, and a large
supply of the primary raw material. Additionally, the manufacturing process
can be regarded as a renewable method. While by producing surfactants
from WCO, CO2 emissions can be reduced by 47%, resulting in a reduction
of 17 000 t CO2 emissions per year (Ivanković 2010).
In the experiment conducted in the laboratory of Baku Higher Oil School,
waste cooking oil collected inside the jar in home is filtered through paper
and hand sieve is heated to about 60 C using a hot plate. Taking about 1:6
mole ratio of WCO and methanol using 1w% KOH as a catalyst,
transesterification reaction has been carried out in a 500 mL flask. After
harshly stirring the reactants in first 10 minutes, using the magnetic stirrer at
hot plate, reaction continued for about 1 hour stirred at constant speed. After
the reaction, product is put into a separating funnel to separate dark glycerol
from the bottom. Then warm tap water is used to remove excess methanol
remaining inside the final product. The final product then was sent to a more
advanced laboratory for determination of properties and anticipated results
are as following (Utilization of waste cooking oil as raw material for synthesis
of Methyl Ester Sulfonates (MES) surfactant, 2018):
pH
8
Methyl ester yield
88 %
FFA Reduction
30%
Surface
tension
34.5 mN/m
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