1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

Cross level approach to comparison
is opposed to level isolation 
and was introduced as a method of linguistic comparison. It 
presupposes the investigation of all possible means of expression of a 
chosen categorical notion in the system of compared languages. For 
example, the category of plurality can be expressed in Modern English 
by: 
1.
Morphological means: boy-boys 
2.
Phonological means: foot-feet 
3.
Phono-morphological means: child- children, house- houses 
4.
Lexico-syntactic means: much milk, much water 
Perfectness of typological operations
. Typological operation 
consists of two stages: 1) analysis; 2) correspondence. 
On the first stage scholars research every language independently. 
On the second stage all the results of the previous analysis are compared 
and general laws of isomorphic and allomorphic features are revealed. 
The type of operation is considered perfect, when maximal number of 
languages is investigated. For example, for genetic typology the 
operation is considered completed when all the languages of certain 
genealogical family are taken into consideration. 
Self-control questions 
1.
Give different viewpoints to the problem of linguistic typology 
development. 
2.
What are the main periods of development of linguistic 
typology? 

---

25 
3.
Characterize universal grammar in linguistics. 
4.
Give definition of the term "grammatical category" and its 
historic development. 
5.
How do you understand classification of languages and what 
are the main viewpoints to this problem? 
6.
How do you characterize main factors of development of 
linguistic typology? 
7.
What scientific works do you know which played a great role 
in further language description? 
8.
Characterize the influence of translation, lexicography to the 
development of linguistic typology 
9.
Who suggested parameters modifying subject matter and 
branches of linguistic typology? 
10.
Characterize each parameter separately. 
11.
What kind of quantitative limitation of compared languages do 
you know? 
12.
Give your own example of deep and surface identity. 
13.
What is the difference between formal and content approach to 
comparison? 
14.
What is one-level and cross-level approach to comparison? 
15.
When is the typological operation considered to be perfect?