1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

Areal typology.
This branch of linguistic typology deals with 
geographically limited number of languages. Research on areal 
typology reflects the effects of structural convergence as it is
induced by situations of contact between speakers of different
languages with various genetic affiliations. In linguistics , areal
features are elements shared by languages or dialects in a geographic 
area, particularly when such features are not descended from a proto- 
language, or, common ancestor language. That is , an areal feature is 

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contrasted to genealogically determined similarity within the same
language family. Features may diffuse from one dominant language to 
neighbouring languages. As a branch of linguistic typology areal 
typology is characterized by: 
1.
Indifference to system closeness 
2.
Indifference to genetic closenes 
3.
Identity of etic units; possibility of identity of emic units 
4.
Possibility of deep and surface identity 
5.
One level approach to comparison 
6. The limitation of etalon language by certain linguistic 
phenomenon, 
which is common to compared languages 
To the basic tasks of areal typology we can refer study of dialects, 
compiling dialectal dictionaries, maps, study the degree of certain 
linguistic phenomenon, borrowings, neologisms, archaisms and so on. 
Comparative typology
. This branch of linguistic typology is 
characterized by: 
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Indifference to system closeness 
✓
Indifference to the genetic closeness 
✓
Areal non-limitation of languages 
✓
Possibility of deep and surface identity 
✓
Indifference to etic-emic identity 
✓
Minimal etalon language 
✓
Cross- level approach to comparison 
✓
Content approach to comparison 
✓
Possibility of perfectness of typological operations 
Comparative typology is one of the independent branches of 
linguistic typology. It deals with limited number of languages and also 
defines typological similarities and distinctions in the structures of 
languages belonging to different genetic groups.