1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

Genetic typology
deals with the languages which are genetically 
related both synchronically and diachronically. The purpose of genetic 
typology is to group languages into families according to their degree 
of diachronic relatedness. As an independent branch of linguistic 
typology it is characterized by the following features: 

---

27 
✓
Difference to system closeness. It means that language under 
comparison should belong to the same structural type. 
✓
Difference to the genetic closeness. It means that only 
genetically related languages can be compared. 
✓
Areal non-limitation of languages. 
✓
Quantitatively languages are limited by a certain genetic 
group of a family of languages. 
✓
For genetically closely related languages both deep and 
surface identity and also etic-emic identity are characteristic. 
✓
While etic-emic identity is possible, but not obligatory, 
content approach is not used. The traditional approach from form to 
meaning is basically used. 
✓
The etalon language is limited by certain category of 
linguistic phenomenon. Typological operation is completed in case 
when the languages belonging to the same genetic group or family are 
analysed by the same etalon language. 
Genetic typology may be of two types: l) 
genetic diachronic
; 2) 
genetic
synchronic
. 
Diachronic approach deals with the comparison of genetically 
related languages within the definite period of time or in the cause of 
its development. For example, it can compare the development of 
morphological categories of the noun in English and in German starting 
with the ancient period up to nowadays. 
Genetic synchronic typology deals with the comparison of 
genetically related languages within a certain synchronic period. 
Genetic typology started in the 20
th
century when historical-
comparative linguistics appeared and developed. We can mention such 
scholars as brothers Grimm Jacob, August Schleicher, Rasmus Rask, 
Franz Bopp. They dealt with the reconstruction of languages and 
discovered laws and regularities for many Indo-European languages.