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The largest observatory in Central Asia was built in the 1420's by Ulugbeg. Here, for
three decades, scholars, including the outstanding astronomers Qazi-Zadeh Rumi, Djemsnid
Giyas ad-Din Kashi and Ali Kushchi, performed measurements of celestial movements.
The Samarkand observatory became famous for the edition of the "Ulugbeg Zidj",
containing a theoretical introduction and charts describing 1,018 stars. The observatory was
found by Samarkand archeologist V. L. Vyatkin at the beginning of the 20th century. He
excavated the underground remains of a huge quadrant 40 m in radius which was used for the
observation of the Sun, Moon and other celestial bodies.
Ulugbek Observatory is decorated with beautiful engravings from a 17th century Dutch
artist, with the inscription over the image of Ulugbek "I have presented my case seriously" -
where Ulugbek stands on the right arm of the goddess of astronomy, Urania
6
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Ulug'bek observatoriyasi.Samarqandning tarixiy va arxitektura yodgorliklari.Mirzo
Ulug'bek tomonidan 1420-yillardaSamarqandda qurilgan rasadxona Markaziy Osiyodagi eng
yirik rasadxonalardan biri hisoblanadi. Mazkur rasadxonaning barpo etilishi va uning о‘sha davr
ilmiy markaziga aylanishi, о‘sha davrning muhim voqeasi hisoblanadi. Ulug‘bek olimlarga
homiylik qilib, fan ahlini rag‘batlantirdi, uningо‘zi, ayniqsa, astronomiya va matematika fanlari
bо‘yicha muhim ishlarni amalga oshirdi. Bu rasadxonada, buyuk olimlar Qozizoda Rumiy, Ali
Qushchi, Jamshidbin Ma’sudiy, Mо‘yiddin va uning о‘g‘li Mansur Koshiylar bir necha o'n
yilliklar mobaynida ilmiy izlanishlar olib borganlar. Ular samodagi yulduzlar harakatlarni
kuzatganlar.Ularning ilmiy izlanishlari natijasida Samarqand rasadxonasida 1,018 yulduz
harakatini tasvirlovchi joriy jadvallarini o'z ichiga olgan "Ulugbeg Zidj" dunyo yuzini
ko`rgan.Observatoriya 20-asr boshida Samarqand arxeolog V. L. Vyatkin tomonidan topilgan. U
Quyosh, Oy va boshqa samoviy jismlarni о‘lchash uchun qurilgan radiusi 40m yer osti yо‘lini
topgan arxeolog hisoblanadi. Ulug'bek rasadxonasi 17-asrda Gollandiyalik rassomlar tomonidan
chiroyli naqshlarbilan bezatilgan. Unda Ulug'bek astronomiya ma'budasi sifatida tasvirlanib,
unda shunday sо‘zlar bitilgan "Men о‘zimning jiddiy izlanishlarimni sizga taqdim
qilmoqdaman".
Bular qatorida Nuriddin Abduraxmon Jomiy (1414 -1492), Jaloliddin Davoniy( 1427 -
1502), Alisher Navoiy (1441 -1501), Shusayn Boo’z Koshifiy (1440 -1505) o’z asarlarida inson
aqli tafakkuri, uning qobilyati, insonning alohida axloqiy xislatlari, insoniylik goyalari, bolalar
tarbiyasida umuminsoniy qadriyat hisoblanadi. Shu jumladan, o’zbek tilini asoschisi buyuk
alloma, musiqachi, davlat arbobi, Alisher Navoiyning ijtimoiy pedagogik goyalari, yuksak
darajada insonparvarligi bilan ajralib turadi. U insonni butun koinotda, bu olamda eng oliy
mavjudod deb hisoblagan. Bolani esa oilaga quvonch ham baxt keltiruvchi muqaddas in’om
sifatida uyni yoritib yuboradi, deb hisoblaydi. Inson o’z farzandigina emas, balki kelajak avlod
bo’lgan barcha bolalarni sevmog’i hart, deb yozadi shoir.
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